HARBIN PLASMA MAI SANYI YANA TSABTACE IRI — KUMA YANA SAUYA FUNGI NASU

Cututtukan shuke-shuke suna jawo wa amfanin gona asara mai yawa, kuma manoma suna dogara sosai ga magungunan ƙwari da na fungi. Waɗannan sinadarai suna da tasiri amma suna da farashi: ƙasa mai rauni, ƙarancin bambancin ƙwayoyin halitta, ƙwayoyin da ke jure magani, gurɓataccen ruwa. Iri babbar hanya ce ta ƙwayoyin cutar shuke-shuke: kowane iri yana ɗauke da al’ummar ƙananan halittunsa — microbiota na iri — a ciki da a samansa. Wasu suna taimakon shukar da za ta zo ta girma kuma ta jure matsi; wasu suna lalata irin ko suna cutar da zuriya ta gaba.

Saboda haka ake neman hanyoyin magani da ke tsabtace iri ba tare da sinadarai ba. Plasma mai sanyi ta sararin sama (cold atmospheric plasma) ɗaya ce daga cikinsu: iska da aka mayar da ɓangarenta ions ta hanyar fitar lantarki, cike da electrons masu kuzari, ions, nau’o’in oxygen da nitrogen masu saurin amsawa da haske. Electrons ne kaɗai ke “da zafi”, don haka iskar tana kasancewa kusa da zafin ɗaki. An san ƙarfinta na kashe ƙwayoyin cuta sosai. Abin da take yi wa fungi da ke rayuwa tare da ƙaramar shuka daga baya bai fito fili ba sosai.

Iska mai lantarki, faranti biyu

Léna Taras, Christophe Bailly, Thierry Dufour da abokan aikinsu a Jami’ar Sorbonne, CNRS, Inserm, École polytechnique da Gidan Tarihin Halitta na Ƙasar Faransa sun yi amfani da irin shukar Arabidopsis thaliana. Sun ɗauki nau’o’i biyu, Columbia da Landsberg, kowanne daga girbi biyu daban-daban da aka samar a dakin gwaje-gwajensu.

An sanya busassun iri tsakanin faranti biyu masu faɗi (electrodes), santimita 30 da 40, da aka ba su wuta a kilovolt 9 da hertz 140. Fitar lantarkin ta mayar da iskar da ke kewaye plasma na mintuna 5 ko 15. Sannan ƙungiyar ta:

• sanya iri a kan gel mai abinci kuma ta ƙirga waɗanda fumfuna ya tsiro a kewayensu;
• auna yadda wani ruwan abinci ya yi gajimare yayin da ƙwayoyin haihuwa (spores) da aka wanke daga irin suke girma;
• karanta jerin wani alamar DNA na fungi (DNA barcode) a cikin ƙananan tsire-tsiren da aka shuka a yanayi mara ƙwayoyin cuta na kusan mako guda.

Fumfuna ya tafi, tsirowa ba ta taɓu ba

Ba tare da magani ba, kashi 20 zuwa 100% na iri sun yi fumfuna da ake gani, gwargwadon nau’in da girbin — wataƙila Penicillium, idan aka yi la’akari da tsarin ƙwayoyin haihuwarsa mai siffar burushi. Mintuna biyar na plasma sun kusan danne shi gaba ɗaya. Bayan mintuna goma sha biyar, ba a gano wata gurɓacewa ko kaɗan ba, har a kan rukunin da ya fi gurɓacewa. A gwajin ruwan abincin, ƙwayoyin haihuwa daga iri marasa magani sun ninka gajimaren sau 13 cikin awanni 48; bayan mintuna 15 na plasma, bai tashi ba.

Kuma irin ba su sha wahala ba: dukkan rukunoni har yanzu sun kai kashi 100% na tsirowa cikin kwanaki uku, a gudu ɗaya.

Fungi da aka gano a cikin ƙananan tsire-tsiren nau’o’in Columbia (A) da Landsberg (B), daga iri marasa magani (C) ko iri da aka yi wa magani na mintuna 5 ko 15, ga girbi biyu (A da B). — Hoto na 3, Taras et al. (2026), Plants, arXiv:2609.37222.

Sabuwar unguwar fungi

DNA ta faɗi labari mafi sarƙaƙiya. Fungi uku ne suka mamaye ƙananan tsire-tsiren: Penicillium olsonii, Acremonium sclerotigenum da Cladosporium cladosporioides.

A cikin ƙananan tsire-tsiren Columbia, plasma ta sake fasalin al’ummar sosai. A wani girbi, fungi biyu masu rinjaye sun zama ba a iya gano su ko sun faɗi ƙasa da kashi 1%, yayin da Cladosporium, wanda da farko ke ƙasa da kashi 1%, ya tashi zuwa kusan kashi 30% bayan mintuna 15. A ɗayan girbin, sauyi iri ɗaya ya buƙaci magani mafi tsawo. A cikin ƙananan tsire-tsiren Landsberg, Penicillium sau da yawa ya ci gaba da rinjaye — marubutan suna tunanin DNA ɗinsa ta fito ne daga fungi da suka mutu, tunda babu abin da ya tsiro daga iri da aka yi wa magani — amma Acremonium ya faɗi ƙasa da kashi 1% a girbi biyun. Cladosporium ya bayyana a matsayin mafi juriya da mafi amfani da dama.

Marubutan suna taka-tsantsan game da ƙididdiga: tasirin magani gaba ɗaya yana da muhimmanci, amma kwatancen bibbiyu ba su tsira daga gyaran gwaje-gwaje masu yawa (multiple testing) ba, kuma tasirin ya dogara sosai kan nau’in da girbin.

Matsayarsu ta wuce tsafta. Ta hanyar kawar da fungi masu rinjaye, plasma tana ba da wuri da wasu ƙwayoyin halitta, har da masu ƙaranci da ke rayuwa a cikin irin, za su iya cikawa. Dole a daidaita hanyoyin magani don su kawar da ƙwayoyin da ba a so yayin da suke bar masu amfani — kuma a gwada su na gaba a kan irin amfanin gona na gaske, a kan manyan rukunoni da suka gurɓata ta halitta, da injuna da za su iya yi wa iri magani da yawa cikin sauri.

An bita daga takwarorin masana: an wallafa shi a mujallar Plants (2026).