FANFUNAN JIKI DA KE ƁOYE, AN KWAIKWAYE SU DAGA KAI ZUWA ƘAFA
Tare da jijiyoyin jini akwai wata hanyar sadarwa ta biyu, mai shiru: tsarin lymph. Kowace rana yana mayar da lita 2 zuwa 3 na ruwan da ya zubo daga jini zuwa cikin kyallen jiki (tissues), tare da sinadaran protein, kitse da ƙwayoyin garkuwar jiki, zuwa cikin jijiyoyin jini (veins). Yawancinsa yana ƙarewa a cikin thoracic duct, wadda ke zuba ruwa a mahaɗar manyan jijiyoyin jini biyu a ƙasan wuya. Wannan hanyar sadarwa ɗaya tana kuma kwashe ruwan tsarin juyayi na tsakiya (central nervous system).
Lymph ba ta da zuciya. Lymphangions ne ke tura ta gaba: gajerun sassan jijiya da tsoka ta naɗe, waɗanda ƙofofi (valves) ke rufewa a kowane ƙarshe, kuma suke matsewa kamar ƙananan fanfuna. Idan wannan fanfuna ya kasa, ruwa yana taruwa — yanayin da ake kira lymphoedema — kuma yana da hannu a cututtukan garkuwar jiki da na metabolism ma.
Daga jijiya ɗaya zuwa dukan jiki
Ƙirar da ake da su suna bayyana lymphangion ɗaya, gajeriyar sarƙa tasu, ko wata ƙaramar hanyar sadarwa ta yanki, galibi a cikin ɓeraye. Ƙirar dukan jiki kawai ta tsarin lymph na ɗan adam ta kasance mara motsi (passive) kuma ba ta lissafa matsin lamba ba. Chia-Feng Chang, Sabee Molloi da abokan aikinsu a Sashen Kimiyyar Radiyo na Jami’ar California, Irvine, sun yi niyyar cike wannan giɓi a matakai biyu, da aka wallafa a matsayin takardu biyu masu alaƙa.
Kwarangwal. A takarda ta farko (arXiv:2610.12750), sun ɗauki wata taswirar jiki ta jijiyoyin lymph na ɗan adam — mahaɗai 1,010 da jijiyoyi 1,126, da wani ƙwararren masanin jikin ɗan adam na asibiti ya duba — kuma suka yanka ta zuwa lymphangions masu tsawon milimita 3 sannan zuwa kusan sassa 89,000. An sanya girman jijiyoyin ta wata tsohuwar doka da ke haɗa kwarara da radius, wato Murray’s law. Da aka kashe tsokokin, radius da matsin lambar da suka fito sun dace da kewayon jiki da na asibiti ba tare da an daidaita su ba, kuma kusan kashi 49% na nauyin lymph an sake sha ko kuma ƙwayoyin lymph (lymph nodes) sun riƙe shi kafin ya isa jijiyoyin jini.
Fanfunan. A takarda ta biyu, wadda ake tattaunawa a nan, sun kunna tsokokin. Yanzu kowane sashe yana matsewa a kan kari na musamman ga yankin jikinsa, bangonsa yana sakewa da jinkiri na zahiri, ƙofofinsa suna buɗewa da rufewa gwargwadon matsin lambar wurin — kuma ƙofar fita zuwa jijiyoyin jini tana buɗewa a kowane shaƙar numfashi kuma tana rufewa a kowane fitar da shi.
Fanfo da ke samun karinsa da kansa
Ƙungiyar ba ta daidaita siffa ko ƙarfin matsewar da wani bayanai ba. Farawa daga hutu, hanyar sadarwar ta fara cika na daƙiƙa 50 zuwa 100, sannan ta daidaita da kanta cikin zagayen fanfuna tsayayye, tana bugawa tare da numfashi a mahaɗa da jijiyoyin jini:
- matsin lamba a bakin fita na 7.5 zuwa 12.3 mmHg;
- kwararar ruwa ta milimita kubik 35 zuwa 50 a kowace daƙiƙa;
- duka biyun suna cikin kewayon asibiti da aka wallafa, kuma duka suna ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin matsewa.
Ana iya bambance kari biyu. A mahaɗa da jijiyoyin jini, numfashi ne ke rinjaye, da sauyi na 1 zuwa 2.5 mmHg. A cikin thoracic duct, matsewa ce ke rinjaye, da sauyi na kusan 1 mmHg. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen fassara karatun catheter na asibiti: abin da suke rajista ya dogara ne kan inda catheter ɗin yake.
Abin da ke takura fanfon
Lymphangion da aka rufe a ƙarshe biyu zai iya ɗaga matsin lambarsa da kusan 11 mmHg. A cikin hanyar sadarwa, yana cimma kusan kashi 14% ne kawai na wannan iyaka: yayin da tsoka ke matsewa, matsin lamba a cikin jijiyar da taurin bangonta suna turawa baya, kuma radius ɗin yana canzawa da ɗan kashi kaɗan ne kawai a kowane bugu. A kalmomin marubutan, fanfon yana takuruwa “da nauyinsa fiye da ƙarfin tuƙinsa”.
Ƙarshe na biyu yana tsaye ko mene ne parameter ɗin da ba a sani ba: babu ƙarfin matsewa guda ɗaya da ya dace da kowace jijiya. Dole ne a daidaita fanfunan jijiya bayan jijiya — batun wani nazari na gaba da aka tsara.
Hanyar daga ƙwaƙwalwa
Marubutan sun kuma duba wuya, inda ruwan da ke kwararowa daga ƙwaƙwalwa ke isa jijiyoyin jini. Lokacin da suka ɗaga matsin lamba a cikin jijiyoyin jini daga 3 zuwa 15 mmHg, matsin lamba a cikin zurfaffiyar ƙwayar lymph ta wuya (deep cervical lymph node) ya tashi daga 8.6 zuwa 21.1 mmHg da matsewa mara ƙarfi — yana isar da ɗan fiye da dukan hauhawar. Da matsewa mai ƙarfi, kashi 78% ne kawai na hauhawar ya wuce. Ma’ana, matsewa tana kare kwararar ruwa daga wuya daga matsin lambar jijiyoyin jini. Marubutan sun danganta wannan da kumburin ƙwaƙwalwa bayan rauni a kai, inda — a cikin ɓeraye — matsin lambar jijiyoyin jini ke tashi kuma matsewar lymph ke raunana.
Ƙirar tana kuma lissafa matsin lamba a ƙasan wuya, wanda ƙirar kwararar ruwan ƙwaƙwalwa a yanzu dole su ɗauka a matsayin zato.
Tushe, ba tukuna kayan aikin asibiti ba
Marubutan sun fito fili kan iyakokin. Har yanzu babu ma’aunan ɗan adam na halayen tsoka, bango da ƙofofi a dukan jiki, don haka ɓangaren fanfuna ya dogara ne kan bayanan ɓeraye da beraye da aka daidaita zuwa girman ɗan adam, kuma juriyar fita kan ma’aunan alade. Ƙarfin matsewa iri ɗaya ne a ko’ina, ƙofofin suna da tazara iri ɗaya, zurfin yankin wuya wuri ɗaya ne kawai a kan taswirar, kuma ba a gwada ko ɗaya daga cikin bayanan asibiti da bayanan marasa lafiya ba. Sun bayyana wannan ƙira ta lafiyayyen dukan jiki a matsayin tushe da za a iya nazarin yanayin cututtuka a kai daga baya.