MOTSA JIKI DA CIWON MANTUWA: WANI ƁANGARE NA HANYAR YA BI TA DAMUWA

Ciwon mantuwa (dementia) yana shafar mutane fiye da miliyan 57 a duniya, tare da kusan sabbin masu kamuwa miliyan 10 a kowace shekara, bisa ga alƙaluman da takardar ta ambata. Tunda babu maganin da ke sauya tafarkin cutar, rigakafi ta hanyar abubuwan haɗari da za a iya sauyawa shi ne fifiko — kuma motsa jiki yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan kariya mafi daidaito da aka gano zuwa yanzu. A wani nazari na bayanan na’urorin bin diddigin motsi da marubutan suka ambata, ko da ƙaramin matakin motsa jiki mai matsakaici zuwa mai ƙarfi yana da alaƙa da kusan rabin haɗarin ciwon mantuwa idan aka kwatanta da rashin motsi gaba ɗaya.

Amma ta yaya motsi ke kare ƙwaƙwalwa? Kai tsaye, ta hanyar gudanar jini, kumburi ko sassaucin ƙwaƙwalwa? Ko a kaikaice, ta hanyar yanayin zuciya, iya motsi, barci, rayuwar zamantakewa ko zuciya? Ƙididdigar gargajiya tana gwada hanyoyin da aka zaɓa tun farko. Wasif Khan, Panayiotis Benos, Joshua Wong da Ruogu Fang a Jami’ar Florida sun yi ƙoƙarin bari bayanan su zana taswirar da kansu.

Mako guda a wuyan hannu

Binciken yana amfani da UK Biobank, wani babban rukunin mutane na Birtaniya. Tsakanin 2013 da 2015, mahalarta fiye da 100,000 sun ɗaura na’urar auna motsi (accelerometer) a wuyan hannu tsawon kwanaki bakwai. Ƙungiyar ta riƙe manya 42,293 masu shekaru 60 ko fiye, masu matsakaicin shekaru 67; kashi 53.3% mata ne. A matsakaici suna yin minti 40.2 a rana na motsa jiki mai matsakaici zuwa mai ƙarfi — 48.0 ga maza, 33.3 ga mata. An cire mutanen da aka gano suna da ciwon mantuwa cikin shekara guda bayan ɗaura na’urar, don rage “sanadi na baya-baya”, inda farkon ciwon mantuwa da kansa ke rage motsi. Daga baya, 647 sun kamu da ciwon mantuwa (1.5%).

Samfuran harshe a matsayin masu tantancewa

Kundin bayanan UK Biobank yana da girma ƙwarai. Don zaɓar waɗanne masu canji za a yi nazari, ƙungiyar ta gina jerin manyan samfuran harshe (large language models): samfuri na farko ya tantance duk masu canji bisa ga bayaninsu; samfuran GPT huɗu (gpt-4o-mini, gpt-4.1, gpt-oss-120b da gpt-5) sun ba su maki bisa dacewarsu; “wakilai masu bita” masu matsayin ƙwararru — ilimin yaɗuwar cututtuka, nazarin sanadi, ilimin jijiyoyi, motsa jiki — sun sake ba su maki; sannan masu binciken suka duba na farko 100 da hannu. An ƙara sanannun abubuwan haɗarin ciwon mantuwa kamar rashin ji da raunin kai, aka samu masu canji 39.

Sannan wani algorithm mai suna PC ya ƙiyasta taswirar sanadi (causal graph) — hanyar sadarwa ta kibiyoyin sanadi da sakamako masu yiwuwa — tare da ƙa’idoji kamar “shekaru suna haifarwa, amma ba a haifar da su ba” da “ciwon mantuwa shi ne ƙarshe”, da sake ɗaukar samfur don gwada yadda kowace kibiya ke da tabbas. A ƙarshe, nazarin shiga-tsakani na jeri (chain mediation) ya auna yawan alaƙar motsa jiki da ciwon mantuwa da ya bi ta kowace hanya.

Hanyar damuwa

Shiga-tsakani na jeri: motsa jiki → damuwa → ciwon mantuwa (sama) da motsa jiki → saurin tafiya → damuwa → ciwon mantuwa (ƙasa), ga kowa, mata da maza. — Hoto na 2, Khan da abokan aiki (2026), arXiv:2610.02221.

Hanya mafi tabbas ita ce ƙarin motsa jiki → ƙarancin damuwa → ƙarancin ciwon mantuwa. Damuwa ta ɗauki kashi 15.06% na jimillar alaƙar — 19.31% a maza da 12.27% a mata. Ƙara saurin tafiya a cikin jerin (motsa jiki → tafiya da sauri → ƙarancin damuwa → ƙarancin ciwon mantuwa) ya bayyana kusan kashi 3% kawai.

Lokacin da ƙungiyar ta cire masu ciwon mantuwa da suka bayyana cikin shekaru 2, 4 ko 5 maimakon shekara guda, rabon da damuwa ke ɗauka ya tashi zuwa 23.8%, kuma a maza har zuwa 60.8%, yayin da alaƙa ta kai tsaye ta raunana. Marubutan sun yi gargaɗin cewa wannan rabo ma’auni ne na dangantaka, wanda ke ƙaruwa kai tsaye idan alaƙa ta kai tsaye ta ragu, kuma ya kamata a karanta shi da taka-tsantsan. Tsawon lokaci mafi tsawo ya kuma bayyana hanyoyi ta hawan jini, ciwon zuciya, raunin kai da ciwon ƙoda, amma waɗannan ba su da tabbas lokacin da aka sake ɗaukar samfurin bayanan.

Hanyoyin sadarwar sun bambanta bisa jinsi: a mata, motsa jiki ya fi alaƙa da abubuwan da suka shafi sarrafa abinci a jiki da aiki — kitsen jini, girman ƙugu, saurin tafiya; a maza, da jerin abubuwan ɗabi’a da na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini da suka haɗa da shan taba, gurɓatar ƙananan ƙura, ciwon zuciya da na ƙoda, ciwon gaɓoɓi da rashin ji.

Abin da za a iya kammalawa da wanda ba za a iya ba

Marubutan da kansu sun lissafa iyakokin. Bayanan na lura ne: “taswirar sanadi” ba ta tabbatar da sanadi ba, ɓoyayyun abubuwa za su iya kasancewa, kuma damuwa da rashin motsi za su iya ƙara wa juna ta ɓangarorin biyu. Mako guda na bin diddigi ba lallai ya nuna ɗabi’un rayuwa gaba ɗaya ba. Matakin samfurin harshe da zaɓin da aka yi da hannu za su iya shafar sake samun sakamako iri ɗaya, kuma UK Biobank ba ta wakiltar kowace al’umma. Marubutan ba su bayyana wani rikicin muradi ba; an yi amfani da samfuran a matsayin kayan aiki a cikin hanyar binciken.

A cikin waɗannan iyakoki, suna goyon bayan rigakafi da ke haɗa ƙarfafa motsa jiki da gwaji da kuma maganin damuwa a tsakiyar shekaru zuwa tsufa, tare da kula da haɗarin zuciya da na sarrafa abinci a jiki.