Fitowar 6 Oktoba, 2026

Kowane injin nukiliya (reactor) yana fitar da antineutrino, ƙwayoyi masu kusan rashin nauyi da ke ratsa kusan komai. Kama ɗaya ba kasafai ake yi ba. Kama waɗanda ke fitowa daga tashoshi masu nisan kusan kilomita 200 ya fi wahala.

Super-Kamiokande tan 50,000 ne na ruwa, mita 1,000 a ƙarƙashin ƙasa a Japan. Tun 2020, an narkar da tan 40 na gishirin gadolinium a cikinsa. Yanzu kowane kamu yana ba da walƙiya biyu, tazararsu ’yan dubun microsecond.

A ƙarshen 2020, kusan duk injinan nukiliya na kusa an kashe su. Wannan lokacin shiru ya ba da hayaniyar baya. Sannan siginar ta hau ta sauka tare da aikin injinan, wata bayan wata.

Sakamako: an ga antineutrino daga injinan nukiliya a kusan sigma 6, karo na farko ga wannan na’ura. Sauye-sauyensu (oscillations) sun yi daidai da neutrino na Rana da aka auna a tankin ɗaya, cikin sigma 1.9.

Tushe: First observation of electron antineutrinos from nuclear reactors at Super-Kamiokande, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.03143

A cikin Damin Taurarinmu, wani ramin baƙi (black hole) mai nauyin rana 6.4 yana kewaya wani tauraro abokinsa. Wannan ma’aurata, V4641 Sagittarii, suna ƙara wa ƙwayoyi sauri zuwa kuzari masu ban mamaki. Hasken gamma har zuwa 0.8 PeV yana fitowa daga kewayensa.

An fi nazarin hasken X ɗinsa a lokacin fashewa, lokacin da tsakiyar ke makantarwa. A watan Satumba 2025, na’urar hangen nesa ta XMM-Newton ta duba lokacin da yake shiru. Ramin baƙin ya ragu da kusan sau 1,000 a haske.

Ƙulli biyu masu bazuwa sun bayyana, arewa da kudu, kimanin parsec 20 daga ma’auratan. Sun yi layi ɗaya da feshin rediyo kuma suna cikin hasken gamma.

Haskensu yana fitowa ne daga electron masu sauri da ke karkace a cikin raunannen maganadisu, microgauss 3 zuwa 5. Marubutan suna zargin cewa an kawai yi watsi da irin waɗannan ƙulli da yawa.

Tushe: XMM-Newton Resolves Parsec-scale X-ray Jets in the PeVatron Microquasar V4641 Sgr, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.02966

Titan, wata mafi girma na Saturn, yana juyawa a hankali: juyi ɗaya a kowane kwanaki 15.9. Duk da haka iskoki suna gudu kewaye da shi da sauri fiye da yadda ƙasarsa ke juyawa.

Ta amfani da na’urorin hangen nesa na rediyo na ALMA a Chile, wata ƙungiya da NASA ke jagoranta ta bi diddigin wani gas a sararin Titan a ranaku bakwai tsakanin 2016 da 2023. Sauyin Doppler ɗinsa yana bayyana saurin motsin iska, a tsayin kilomita 200 zuwa 490.

Kusa da layin tsakiya (equator), iskoki sun kai mita 240 a kowace daƙiƙa. Tsakanin Afrilu da Mayu 2023, sun yi tsalle daga mita 120 zuwa 159 a kowace daƙiƙa cikin kwanaki 27 kacal. Can kudu, da ƙyar suka canza.

Manyan samfuran kwamfuta biyu na Titan suna bin sauyin yanayi na lokaci-lokaci a hankali. Amma suna sanya iskoki mafi sauri a manyan layukan latitude, kuma iskokin tsakiya sun yi jinkiri har sau biyu. Akwai abin da ya ɓace a cikin kwaikwayon.

Tushe: Temporal Variability of Titan's Middle-Atmospheric Zonal Winds from Southern Fall to Late Winter (2016–2023), https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.03635

Idan aka kalle shi ta gefe, Milky Way faifai ne: siririn faifai na taurari matasa a cikin mai kauri na tsofaffin taurari. Dalilin wannan bambanci an daɗe ana muhawara a kansa.

Wata ƙungiya da Spain ke jagoranta ta ƙididdige shekarun taurari kusa da Rana da bayanan Gaia. Shekarunsu daidai ne fiye da kashi 5%. An haɗa taurari masu shekaru da sinadarai iri ɗaya rukuni-rukuni, aka auna kaurin kowane rukuni.

Rukunoni mafi tsufa sun hau fiye da kiloparsec 1.26 sama da shimfiɗar damin taurarin. Cikin shekaru biliyan 2 kacal, wannan ya ragu zuwa kusan 0.5. Sannan, shekaru biliyan 10.85 da suka wuce, siriranta ya yi jinkiri sosai ba-zata.

Fahimtar marubutan: Damin Taurarin a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa yana cikin hargitsi, kuma an haifi taurarinsa da kauri tun farko. Bayan wannan zamani na hargitsi, wani lokaci na natsuwa ya gina siririn faifan a hankali.

Tushe: A two-stage settling of the Milky Way disk revealed by precise ChronoGal ages, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.03164

Dole ne wani mai sayarwa ya ziyarci garuruwa da yawa ya koma gida ta hanya mafi gajarta. Ka watsa garuruwan ba tare da tsari ba a cikin murabba’i. Mafi kyawun zagaye zai girma kamar β sau tushen murabba’in yawansu.

Tun 1959, masana lissafi sun san cewa β tana nan. Har yanzu ba a san ainihin ƙimarta ba. Gwaje-gwajen kwamfuta suna nuna kusan 0.7124, amma wannan ba hujja ba ce.

Masu bincike biyu a Jami’ar Texas da ke Austin yanzu sun tabbatar cewa β tana tsakanin 0.6421 da 0.8810. Iyakar da aka tabbatar a baya ita ce 0.6277 zuwa 0.90367.

Iyakokin biyu sun dogara da manyan lissafi da kwamfuta ta tantance, ɗaya daga cikinsu lissafin integral mai girma goma sha ɗaya. Marubutan sun bayyana cewa sun yi amfani da kayan aikin AI GPT-5.6 Sol Pro wajen shirya takardar. Sun ce sun duba kowane sakamako da kansu.

Tushe: New Bounds for the Euclidean TSP Constant, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.02809

A Tudun Tibet, ƙasa mai daskarewa tana ɗumama ko’ina. Inda ƙasa mai yawan ƙanƙara ta narke, gangare gaba ɗaya na zaftarewa su gangaro. Ana kiran waɗannan tabon zaftarewar ƙasa mai narkewa mai ja da baya (retrogressive thaw slumps).

Duk da haka suna da zaɓi mai ban mamaki game da inda suke samuwa. A duk faɗin tudun, kashi 90% na sanannun zaftarewa suna kan kashi 1.2% na ƙasar kawai. Gangare da yawa suna nan lafiya kusa da waɗanda ke rugujewa.

Wata ƙungiya a Beijing ta zana taswirar yadda kowane gangare ya raunana, ta haɗa masu canji na muhalli 50. A yankuna biyar cikin bakwai, kashi 10% na gangare mafi rauni sun ƙunshi zaftarewa sau 3.35 zuwa 5.09 fiye da matsakaici.

Gangare masu rauni kuma suna haɗuwa su zama yankuna masu alaƙa masu faɗin kilomita da dama, kuma zaftarewar na taruwa a can. Irin waɗannan taswirori za su iya gaya wa injiniyoyi inda za su fara sa ido kan hanyoyi da sauran ababen more rayuwa.

Tushe: Spatially Organized Hillslope Weakening Localizes Retrogressive Thaw Slumps across the Tibetan Plateau, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.03046

Murjani suna fara rayuwa a matsayin ƙananan ’yan tsutsa masu iyo, tsawonsu daga ɗan ɓangare na milimita zuwa ’yan milimita. Bayan sun yi ta yawo kwanaki ko makonni, dole su sauka a kan ƙasan teku. Kusa da ƙasa, faɗa ne da ruwa.

Wata ƙungiya daga Illinois da Paris-Saclay ta kwaikwayi ’yan tsutsa a cikin ruwan da raƙuman ruwa ke turawa a kan ƙasan teku mai tuddai. Sun sauya halaye biyu: saurin iyo, milimita 1 zuwa 4 a kowace daƙiƙa, da siffa, daga zagaye zuwa tsayayye.

Nasarar sauka ta kasance daga 0.7% zuwa 52.7%, bambancin har sau goma. A kan ƙananan tuddai ko manyan giɓi, masu iyo da sauri ne suka yi nasara. A kan giɓi masu matsakaicin faɗi, ’yan tsutsa masu tsawo sun fi yin kyau, suna hawa guguwar ruwa zuwa mafaka.

Don haka siffar ƙasan teku tana tace waɗanne ’yan tsutsa ne za su iya zama. Wannan zai iya taimaka wajen tsara saman da za a yi amfani da su wajen gyaran murjani, ko saman da ke nisantar da halittun da ke manne wa abubuwa.

Tushe: Flow regime determines whether larval settlement hydrodynamics are governed by swimming speed or shape, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.03596

A UK Biobank, mutane 42,293 masu shekaru 60 ko fiye sun ɗaura na’urar bin diddigin motsi a wuyan hannu tsawon mako guda. Daga nan aka bi diddiginsu don ganin ko za su kamu da ciwon mantuwa. A matsakaici suna yin minti 40 a rana na motsa jiki mai matsakaici zuwa mai ƙarfi.

Wata ƙungiya daga Florida ta nemi hanyoyin da ke tsakanin motsa jiki da ciwon mantuwa. Samfuran harshe na AI sun taimaka wajen tantance masu canji, sannan wani algorithm ya zana taswirar abubuwan da ka iya zama sanadi.

Hanya mafi bayyana: ƙarin motsa jiki, ƙarancin damuwa, ƙarancin ciwon mantuwa. Damuwa ta ɗauki kusan kashi 15% na alaƙar, 19% a maza da 12% a mata. Hanyoyin da suka bi ta shan taba, ciwon zuciya da na ƙoda ba su da tabbas sosai.

Waɗannan bayanai ne na lura kawai, don haka ba a tabbatar da sanadi da sakamako ba. Damuwa ma za ta iya sa mutane su rage motsi. Duk da haka, marubutan suna ba da shawarar haɗa motsa jiki da gwajin damuwa.

Tushe: Causal discovery identifies pathways linking physical activity to dementia risk in the UK BioBank, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.02221

Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Ƙasa na Amurka (NIH) suna ƙirga kashe kuɗinsu da manhajar da ke karanta taƙaitattun bayanan tallafi. Kowace shekara, jimillar kuɗi bisa batutuwa tana zuwa ga Majalisar Dokoki.

A watan Maris 2025, jagorancin NIH ya buƙaci a cire “kalaman DEI” daga tallafin da ba sa goyon bayan ayyukan DEI. Daga cikin tallafi 5,461 da aka yi wa alama, kashi 39.7% sun rasa duk kalmomin da aka tantance cikin shekara guda, idan aka kwatanta da 0.08% a shekarar da ta gabata.

Ayyukan da taƙaitattun bayanansu suka daina ambaton wata ƙabila ko launin fata sun fi rasa alamar “lafiyar ’yan tsiraru”: kashi 15.7% kawai suka riƙe ta, idan aka kwatanta da 99.4% na waɗanda ba a canza ba. Duk da haka kuɗin ya ci gaba.

Tallafin da suka ambaci ’yan tsirarun jinsi da na jima’i an rubuta su a matsayin waɗanda aka dakatar da maki 37.8 fiye, bayan daidaitawa. Kalmar marubutan ga abin da ya rage: “kimiyyar da ba a ƙirga ba”, binciken da ake ci gaba da biyan kuɗinsa amma ba a ƙara rubuta shi ba.

Tushe: Still funded, no longer counted: how NIH's 2025 award reviews changed what the government counts as minority health research, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.03443

Na’urar radiometer ta Crookes wani tsohon misali ne na kimiyyar lissafi: siraran fikafikai a cikin iskar gas mara yawa. Ka dumama fuska ɗaya ta fiffike, sai ya motsa, gefen mai zafi yana baya. Ƙwayoyin gas suna komawa daga fuskar mai zafi da sauri fiye.

A Jami’ar Kyoto, wata ƙungiya ta lissafa wannan turawa ga fiffike mafi sauƙi: faifai siriri mara iyaka, gefe ɗaya ya fi ɗumi. Sun warware lissafin ƙwayoyin gas ɗin kansu, a duk matakan rashin yawan iska.

A cikin gas mara yawa sosai, turawar tana bazuwa a duk fuskar. A cikin gas mai yawa, takan ragu ta taru a gefe. Faɗin wannan zirin gefe daidai yake da nisan da ƙwaya ke tafiya tsakanin karo biyu.

Wannan ya yi daidai da wani zato da Einstein ya yi a 1924. A cikin gas mai yawa, faifan da ke motsi kyauta a iyakar saurinsa gefensa kaɗai ke tura shi, yayin da sauran fuskarsa ke birkice shi.

Tushe: Radiometer effect on an infinitely thin circular disk, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.02896