Fitowar 7 Oktoba, 2026

Ƙarƙashin teku a gaɓar yammacin Koriya, wani ramin hanyar mota ya ratsa dutse tsawon kilomita 6.9. A samansa, tumbatsar ruwa (tide) tana ɗaga ruwan tana kuma sauke shi har zuwa mita 4. Za a iya auna nauyin wannan ruwa daga ƙasa?

Wata ƙungiyar Koriya ta gwada, ta amfani da muons. Waɗannan ƙwayoyi suna sauka kamar ruwan sama daga haskokin sararin samaniya (cosmic rays) kuma suna ratsa dutse da ruwa. Yawan abin da ke sama, ƙarancin waɗanda ke wucewa.

Na'urar gano su ta zauna a cikin ramin kwana 31.6 kuma ta ƙirga muons miliyan 1.9. Kowace ƙarin mita ta teku ta rage ƙirgar da kashi 1.72. Bugun ya dace da ma'aunin tumbatsar ruwa, kusan kowane awa 12 da rabi.

Ma'aunin tumbatsar ruwa yana karanta matakin teku a wuri ɗaya. Muons suna auna nauyin dukkan ruwan da ke sama. Na'urar ma ta kama kowace tumbatsa kusan minti 7 kafin ma'aunin da ya fi kusa.

Tushe: Precision measurement of ocean tides using cosmic-ray muons, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.05294

Ɗaukar kaya mai nauyi yana gajiyar da mutum-mutumi. Jan shi a kan ƙafafu ya fi sauƙi: ƙafafun ne ke ɗaukar nauyin. Don haka wata ƙungiya a Shanghai ta koya wa mutum-mutumi mai siffar ɗan Adam jan rickshaw (keken jaka na hannu).

Mutum-mutumin ba ya iya ganin kayan ko jin ƙarfin kai tsaye. Ya koya a cikin kwaikwayo, yana hasashen halayen keken daga yadda jikinsa ke mayar da martani.

A ƙasa ta gaske, mai sarrafawa guda ɗaya ya ja wani mutum-mutumi na biyu, sannan fasinjoji mutane biyu. Kaya mafi nauyi, kilogram 115, ya kai kusan ninki 3.15 na nauyin mutum-mutumin. Ya tashi, ya yi tafiya har zuwa mita 2 a daƙiƙa, ya kuma tsaya. Babu wanda ya sake daidaita shi tsakanin kaya da kaya.

Abin mamaki: a yawancin gwaje-gwaje, jan kaya ya ɗauki ƙarancin ƙoƙarin gaɓoɓi fiye da tafiya hannu wofi. Keken ma yana daidaita karkarwar mutum-mutumin, kamar mai shanye girgiza (shock absorber).

Tushe: Humanoid Rickshaw Pulling: Whole-Body Locomotion under Coupled Wheeled Loads, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.04238

Wani masanin kimiyya ya tura takarda zuwa wani babban taro. Ƙwararru uku ko huɗu sun ba ta maki, kuma an karɓe ta ko an ƙi ta. Shin wasu ƙwararru da sun faɗi abu ɗaya?

Gwada hakan yana nufin tantance takardu iri ɗaya sau biyu. An yi hakan sau biyu kawai, a NeurIPS a 2014 da 2021. Wani mai bincike mai zaman kansa ya samo hanya mafi arha: a kwaikwaye shi daga makin da aka bayyana a fili.

An yi amfani da shi kan shekaru tara na taron ICLR, takardu 36,113: sababbin masu tantancewa suna juya hukuncin kusan takarda ɗaya cikin huɗu. Kuma kashi 30 zuwa 50 na takardun da aka karɓa da an ƙi su. Shekaru tara, babu wani yanayi bayyananne.

Mai laifi ɗaya ana iya auna shi. A 2020, ICLR ta yi amfani da wani ma'aunin maki huɗu mai kauri. Sake rubuta makin 2021 ta wannan hanya yana ƙara kusan maki 7 na rashin jituwa.

Tushe: The Review Lottery: Calibrating an Observational Estimator of Peer-Review Noise (ICLR 2017-2025), https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.06591

Kusa da sababbin cibiyoyin bayanai na AI a Amurka, mazauna suna kukan wani karar da ba ya daina. Wasu sun kai ƙara kotu, a jihohi da dama. Garuruwa sun sake rubuta dokokinsu na hayaniya.

Masana ƙididdigar halittu biyu na Harvard sun nemi ma'aunai masu inganci. Sun samu ma'aunai daga decibel 39 zuwa sama da 70, galibi daga na'urorin auna sauti na talakawa. Babu ko ƙima ɗaya da ta kai matakin shaida mafi girma. Da yawa ma ba za a iya kwatanta su da juna ba.

Tsarin ya fi lambobin bayyana. Koke-koken suna nufin wani sauti mai zurfi mara yankewa, sau da yawa tsakanin hertz 70 zuwa 140. Ma'aunin decibel da aka saba amfani da shi yana rage muhimmancin irin waɗannan sautuka masu zurfi.

Shin yana cutar da lafiya? Har yanzu babu wani bincike da ya duba. Marubutan sun kira wannan alaƙa hasashe, kuma sun gabatar da tsarin auna shi yadda ya kamata, har da cikin ɗakunan kwana.

Tushe: Noise Emissions from Hyperscale AI Data Centers: A Poorly Characterized Exposure at the Doorstep of Community Health Research, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.03975

Sararin samaniya yana faɗaɗa, amma hanyoyi biyu na auna saurinsa ba su jitu ba. Wata mafita mai ƙarfin hali: madaidaicin nauyi na Newton ya yi tsalle kwatsam, shekaru miliyan 73 zuwa 130 da suka wuce.

Masana ilimin kimiyyar lissafi biyu sun samo wani shaida. Ƙananan taurarin jajayen ƙanana (red dwarfs) suna mayar da martani ga irin wannan canji a hankali sosai. Tauraron da aka haifa ƙarƙashin nauyi mai ƙarfi zai kasance har yanzu ɗan kumbure a yau.

Sun kwaikwayi waɗannan taurari kuma sun kwatanta su da takwas na gaske, waɗanda aka auna nauyinsu da girmansu cikin biyu-biyu masu kusufi. Babu alamar kumburi. Mafi dacewa shi ne nauyin da bai taɓa canzawa ba. Tabon taurari ma ba za su iya ɓoye kumburin da babu ba.

Tsalle biyun da aka gabatar, kashi 4 da kashi 11, an fitar da su a sigma 3.1 da 4.0. Tauraro ɗaya, J2343+29, shi ke ɗauke da yawancin wannan nauyin shaida. Tambayar sararin samaniya kan saurin faɗaɗa har yanzu a buɗe take.

Tushe: Stars Would Remember a Recent Gravitational Transition: Testing G-step Resolutions of the Hubble Tension with Red Dwarfs, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.04048

A 2012, an harba Kumbunan Van Allen guda biyu tare, a kan kewaye iri ɗaya. An yi musu ritaya a 2019, kuma ana sa ran dukansu za su ci gaba da zama a sama har 2034.

Duk da haka Kumbo A ya faɗo ya ƙone a Maris 2026. Kumbo B har yanzu yana kewayawa. Kewaye ɗaya, Rana ɗaya, guguwa iri ɗaya: me ya sa ƙaddarorinsu suka bambanta haka?

Wata ƙungiyar Indiya ta sake gina kewayen shekaru takwas daga bayanan bin diddigi na jama'a, wuri ɗaya a kowace daƙiƙa 15. Daga 2021, Kumbo A ya ɗan daɗe kaɗan a cikin iska mara kauri ta ƙasa. Ƙarin ja da baya (drag), ƙasan kewaye, ƙarin ja da baya: wani zagaye mai muni.

Guguwar Rana ta ƙara masa wuta, tun daga ƙananan guguwa a Oktoba 2022. Bambancin 'yan kilomitoci ya isa ya raba tagwaye biyu. Ƙaruwar ƙarfin Rana ta sa kowane giɓi ya fi tsada.

Tushe: What Caused the Orbital Decay of the Twin Van Allen Probes to Diverge?, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.05372

Wasu duniyoyin dutse suna kewaye tauraronsu kusa sosai har dutsen samansu yana tafasa. Tururin yana tserewa kuma yana samar da jelar ƙura. BD+05 4868 Ab tana kewaye tauraronta cikin kwana 1.27 kawai.

Wannan tururi ya kamata ya ƙunshi fiye da ƙura: har da ƙwayoyin zarra, kamar oxygen. Masu bincike biyu a Indiana sun je nema da wani madubin hangen nesa mai sauƙi na santimita 43 a Wisconsin.

A cikin dare takwas a 2025, sun kwatanta hasken tauraron a lokacin wucewar duniyar da kuma a wajenta. A lokacin wucewa, wani ƙarin raguwa na kusan kashi 9 yana bayyana a inda oxygen ke shanye haske, kusa da ångström 7,774.

Samfurinsu ya ce iskar oxygen da ke tserewa za ta iya bayyana hakan. Amma layin oxygen na tauraron kansa zai iya kwaikwayon sa. Bakan haske mafi kaifi, waɗanda tuni suke cikin ma'ajiya, za su iya warware batun. Har zuwa lokacin, yana nan a matsayin abin da ake zato.

Tushe: Candidate O I 7774 Å Absorption from an Escaping Rock-Vapor Outflow of BD+05 4868 Ab, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.04986

Shin saman ruwa zai iya sa sinadarai su yi aiki shi kaɗai? Wasu ɗakunan gwaje-gwaje sun ce eh. Kwanan nan, an ce siraran sabulu suna samar da hydrogen peroxide kuma suna mayar da gishirin zinariya zuwa ƙwayoyin zinariya.

Wata ƙungiya a Saudiyya ta sake yin gwajin da wata sandar hura kumfa da aka saya a kanti. Sun samar da siraran sabulu har zuwa 300. Sannan sun farauto peroxide da hanyoyi shida daban-daban.

Sakamako: babu komai. Na'urarsu ta NMR tana gano har ƙasa da nanomolar 50, kuma ba ta ga peroxide ba. Wasu kayan gwaji na yau da kullum sun ɗan haskaka, amma sabulun kansa ne ya jawo hakan.

Ƙwayoyin zinariya sun bayyana, amma daidai da haka ba tare da wani siririn sabulu ba, har ma a ruwa zalla. Zinariyar tana amsawa ne cikin ruwan gabaɗaya, ba a saman mai sabulu ba. Ana oxidize ruwa yayin da ake reduce zinariya.

Tushe: Soap Films Amplify the Air–Water Interface but Neither Produce Detectable H2O2 Nor Enhance Reduction of Gold Ions, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.03774

Kare-karen ruwa (otters), skunk, badgers da raccoons 'yan uwa ne. Shin ƙwaƙwalwarsu tana bambanta da yadda suke rayuwa? Wata ƙungiyar Turai da Amurka ta duba nau'o'i 41.

Ba a buƙaci sabbin ƙwaƙwalwa ba. Sun ɗauki hoton kwanyar dabbobi na gidajen tarihi kuma sun sake gina samfura na kwamfuta 113 na ramin da ya riƙe ƙwaƙwalwar. Sannan sun auna kowane ɓangare: ƙullukan ƙamshi, babbar ƙwaƙwalwa (cerebrum) da ƙwaƙwalwar baya. Ƙididdiga ta yi la'akari da dangantakar iyali.

Zuriyoyi biyu sun fita daban. A kare-karen ruwa, cibiyar ƙamshi ƙanƙanuwa ce, kashi 8.6 na ƙwaƙwalwa, babbar ƙwaƙwalwa kuma ta cika kashi 74.3. Skunk suna yin akasin haka, da kashi 14.5 na ƙamshi.

Yawancin sauran girma ne kawai: manyan ƙwaƙwalwa sun fi zagaye, da babbar ƙwaƙwalwa mafi girma. Masu cin kifi ba su cika jin ƙamshi ba. Yadda suke motsi, hawa, tona ko iyo, yana canza abu kaɗan ne kawai, abin mamaki.

Tushe: Brain scaling and diversity in musteloids, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.03734

Tun 1967, wata yarjejeniya ta haramta makaman nukiliya a kewayen Duniya. Ba ta ƙunshi wata hanyar tabbatarwa ba. A yau, wani kan makamin nukiliya zai iya ɓoyewa cikin dubban taurarin ɗan Adam na intanet.

Wani masanin kimiyyar lissafi a Virginia Tech ya tsara wani bincike, yana amfani da Starlink na SpaceX a matsayin misalin gwaji: taurarin ɗan Adam 7,852. Wani jirgi mai bincike yana harba siririn hasken haskoki kan kowanne.

Idan akwai sinadarin nukiliya a ciki, haskokin suna raba wasu ƙwayoyin zarra. Neutrons suna fita, kuma wata na'urar gano su tana kama su. Adadin haskakawar yana zama ƙasa da kashi 1 na abin da sararin samaniya kansa ke ba wa tauraron ɗan Adam cikin shekara biyar.

Sakamako: masu bincike 69 za su iya duba kowane tauraron ɗan Adam cikin shekara biyar. Ko kuma jirgi ɗaya ya ɗauki samfurin kashi ɗaya cikin goma, wanda ya isa ya tona asirin mai yaudara da kan makami 5 a kashi 37 na lokuta. Marubucin ya bayyana cewa ya yi amfani da mataimakan AI.

Tushe: Verification of the Outer Space Treaty with active interrogation, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.04016

Ka shafa wa ɗigogin wata hanyar sadarwa launi ta yadda ɗigogin da aka haɗa ba za su taɓa samun launi ɗaya ba. Launuka nawa kake buƙata? A 1943, Hadwiger ya gabatar da wata amsa da har yanzu ba a tabbatar da ita ba.

Ra'ayin yana danganta launukan da mafi girman gungu da aka haɗa gabaɗaya da za ka iya matsewa daga hanyar sadarwar. Wani nau'i mafi rauni yana cewa: wani ninki na wannan girman koyaushe ya isa.

Masana lissafi biyu, a Montreal da Zurich, sun ce yanzu suna da hujjar wannan nau'i mafi rauni. Wani samfurin OpenAI, GPT-6 Astra, ne ya samo jigonta, a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsu. Har ma ya ba su mamaki.

Hujjar ta kai shafuka 41 kuma takwarorinsu masana ba su duba ta ba. Ninkin da take tabbatarwa babba ne ƙwarai, kusan 10 a ƙarfin 100. Ainihin hasashen Hadwiger har yanzu a buɗe yake.

Tushe: A Proof of the Linear Hadwiger Conjecture, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.05291