FARAUTAR ƁOYAYYUN MAKAMAN NUKILIYA CIKIN TAURARON ƊAN ADAM NA STARLINK

A ranar 9 ga Yuli 1962, a lokacin gwajin Starfish Prime, wata na’urar thermonuclear mai ƙarfin megaton 1.4 ta fashe kilomita 400 sama da Duniya. Ta haifar da wani ɗamara na electrons da aka kama, kuma aƙalla takwas daga cikin taurarin ɗan Adam 24 da ke kewayen Duniya a lokacin, ko waɗanda aka harba a makonnin da suka biyo baya, sun lalace. Shekaru biyar bayan haka, Yarjejeniyar Sararin Samaniya (Outer Space Treaty) ta 1967 ta ɗaure ɓangarorinta “kada su sanya a kewayen Duniya wani abu da ke ɗauke da makaman nukiliya.” Amma ba ta ƙunshi wani sashe na tabbatarwa ba: a lokacin, babu fasahar yin bincike a sararin samaniya, kuma binciken a ƙasa ya ci karo da shirye-shiryen sirri na taurarin ɗan Adam na leƙen asiri.

Patrick Huber, masanin kimiyyar lissafi a Center for Neutrino Physics na Virginia Tech, yana jayayya cewa tambayar ta dawo. Kewayen Duniya yanzu yana ɗauke da kayayyaki 16,946 cikin abubuwa 44,964 da aka yi wa rajista. Manyan taurari-taurarin (constellations) ɗan Adam masu araha ba sa damuwa da makami mai linzami da ke lalata tauraro guda ɗaya, amma suna da rauni ga fashewar nukiliya. Takardar ta tuna cewa Rasha ta hau kujerar na-ƙi kan wani ƙuduri na Kwamitin Sulhu na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ke sake tabbatar da haramcin, yayin da China ta ƙi kaɗa ƙuri’a. Yanayin da aka yi nazari a kai: kan makamin nukiliya da aka ɓoye a cikin wani tauraron ɗan Adam ɗaya na wani babban rukuni, ko aka yi masa kama da shi — da yadda za a gamsar da kowa cewa babu shi.

Starlink a matsayin misalin gwaji

Binciken ya ɗauki rukuni mafi girma a kewayen Duniya a matsayin misalinsa na zahiri: Starlink na SpaceX, mai taurarin ɗan Adam 7,852 da ke aiki yadda ya kamata a cikin kundin 25 ga Maris 2026. Marubucin ya jaddada cewa irin waɗannan binciken za su iya faruwa ne kawai a cikin wata yarjejeniya ta haɗin gwiwa da aka tattauna.

Taurarin ɗan Adam na Starlink 7,852 masu tsayayyen aiki a kundin 25 ga Maris 2026, bisa tsayi da karkata; kowane da’ira ɗawainiya ce, da adadin taurarinta a rubuce. — Hoto na 6, Huber (2026), arXiv:2610.04016.

Hasken da ke sa makamashin nukiliya ya yi magana

Ana kiran hanyar binciken aiki (active interrogation): a haska wa wani abu radiation kuma a saurari amsarsa. A nan, wani tauraron ɗan Adam mai bincike yana harba wani matsattsen haske na photons masu megaelectronvolt 16 — haske mai ƙarfin makamashi — kan abin da ake nufi. Idan akwai sinadarin da ke iya rabuwa (fissile) a ciki, wasu daga cikin cibiyoyin zarransa suna rabuwa, suna sakin neutrons da gamma rays da wata na’urar gano a kan mai binciken ke kamawa.

Hasken zai fito ne daga wata fasaha da aka ƙirƙira don kimiyyar ƙwayoyin zarra: na’urar hanzarta laser-plasma (laser-plasma accelerator) da ke tura electrons zuwa kusan gigaelectronvolt ɗaya cikin kusan santimita goma, sannan ta billa hasken laser a kansu don mayar da shi photons masu ƙarfi. Matsakaicin buƙatar wuta ’yan watt kaɗan ne kawai; gajerun ƙololuwa suna cikin abin da batirin mota zai iya, a cewar takardar. Na’urar ganowa, wani filastik mai haskakawa (scintillator) da aka raba gida-gida aka cusa masa lithium-6, ta aro daga na’urorin gano neutrino na baya-bayan nan.

Ainihin kan makamin nukiliya yana tona kansa ta hanyoyi biyu a cikin kwaikwayo: neutrons da sinadarin da ke kewaye da cibiyar ya rage musu sauri, da wani hasken gamma da ke ɗaukar kusan millisecond ɗaya yayin da rabuwar zarra ke ninkawa — yayin da dunƙulen uranium da aka rage ƙarfinsa (depleted uranium) kawai yake yin shiru bayan kusan microsecond goma.

Taurarin ɗan Adam ba sa samun lahani: kowanne yana karɓar gray 0.25 a mafi yawa, ƙasa da kashi 1 na abin da radiation na halitta na sararin samaniya ke kai masa cikin shekara biyar.

Masu bincike nawa?

Marubucin ya kwaikwayi kimiyyar nukiliya, radiation na baya na sararin samaniya da ainihin kewaye-kewaye, har da jinkirin karkarwar shimfiɗar kewaye da siffar Duniya mai lafe-lafe ke haifarwa — wadda masu bincike za su iya amfani da ita don zamewa daga shimfiɗa zuwa shimfiɗa da ɗan mai kaɗan. Binciken ya ayyana nau’o’in masu bincike uku, daga wanda ke tashi tare da abin da yake nufi na mintuna zuwa wanda kawai ke wucewa da kusan kilomita 9.4 a daƙiƙa, na ɗan ɓangare na daƙiƙa. Abin da ake buƙata don ganowa: damar kashi 90 ta gano kan makami guda ɗaya, da ƙararrawar ƙarya ɗaya cikin dubu.

• Kowane tauraron ɗan Adam cikin shekara biyar: masu bincike 69 “masu bin inuwa”, kowanne yana duba matsakaicin (median) taurari 141 — ko kuma dandamali 4 masu wucewa kawai da ke rufe kashi 97 na rukunin, tare da masu bincike 16 don sauran.
• Kashi ɗaya cikin goma na rukunin da aka zaɓa bazata: mai bincike mai wucewa guda ɗaya yana rufe 783 daga cikin abubuwa 785 da ake nufi. Mai yaudara da ya ɓoye kan makami 5 zai fuskanci haɗarin kashi 37 na a kama shi — irin hanawar da tsarin binciken nukiliya da ake da shi ke dogara a kai, kamar yadda takardar ta lura.

Wasu kewaye-kewaye, kamar waɗanda ke tafiya daidai da Rana (sun-synchronous) waɗanda shimfiɗunsu ba sa zamewa sosai dangane da juna, suna da tsadar kaiwa ƙwarai; marubucin ya ba da shawarar a duba waɗannan taurarin ta wasu hanyoyi, misali a ƙasa kafin harbawa.

Abin da yarjejeniya za ta buƙata

Nisan da ake buƙata — kilomita 0.55 zuwa 2.9 — sun fi kusa fiye da yadda binciken baya suka zata. Marubucin yana jayayya cewa abin da ke da muhimmanci shi ne ainihin haɗarin karo, wanda na’urorin gano wuri da ke cikin jirgi ke sa ya zama ba komai ba, ba wani nisa da “siyasa za ta yarda da shi” ba. Duk wata yarjejeniya za ta buƙaci ƙayyadadden adadin bincike, ƙa’idojin kusantowa da janyewa, adadin radiation da aka yarda da shi, da tsarin bincike na biyu. Babban kayan aikin da ya rage shi ne laser na fiber mai joule da dama da aka tabbatar zai iya aiki a sararin samaniya. Takardar binciken kwaikwayo ce ta marubuci ɗaya, wadda National Nuclear Security Administration ta Amurka ta ɗauki nauyinta, kuma marubucinta ya bayyana cewa an yi amfani da mataimakan AI wajen rubuta lamba (code), neman littattafai da shirya rubutun, yayin da zaɓin kimiyyar lissafi da matsayar nasa ne.