FESHIN HASKEN X DAGA RAMIN BAƘI MAI HARBA HASKEN SARARIN SAMANIYA

Wasu daga cikin ƙwayoyi mafi ƙarfin kuzari a Damin Taurarinmu za su iya fitowa daga microquasar: ramin baƙi ko tauraron neutron da ke cin abinci daga tauraro abokinsa kuma yana harba feshi masu saurin kusa da na haske (relativistic jets). Jerin na’urori a ƙasa kamar Tibet ASγ, HAWC da LHAASO sun gano hasken gamma sama da TeV 100 daga da yawa daga cikinsu. Wannan ya sa microquasar suka zama sabon nau’in PeVatron — masu ƙara sauri da ke iya tura ƙwayoyi zuwa peta-electronvolt, wato electronvolt miliyan biliyan.

Na farko da aka gano shi ne SS 433 tare da gajimarensa W50. Na biyu shi ne V4641 Sagittarii.

Gwarzon hasken gamma

V4641 Sgr ita ce microquasar mafi haske a hasken gamma na TeV. Hasken gammanta, da aka gano har zuwa 0.8 PeV, ya bazu a kan kusan digiri ɗaya na sararin sama, tare da ɗaya daga cikin yanayin haske mafi “tauri” a cikin tushen TeV na Damin Taurari. A tsakiyarta: ramin baƙi mai nauyin rana 6.4 da tauraro abokinsa mai nauyin rana 2.9, kimanin kiloparsec 6.2 daga nan. Tsarin ya yi fashewa mai ƙarfi a 1999 kuma yana ta tashi kusan duk bayan shekaru biyu tun daga lokacin; an ga feshin rediyo a lokacin fashewar 1999.

Duk da haka na’urorin hangen nesa na hasken X galibi sun kalle shi ne a lokacin fashewa, lokacin da tushen tsakiya ke rufe komai da haskensa. Tauraron ɗan adam na XRISM ya ga alamar hasken X mai bazuwa a 2024, amma jim kaɗan bayan fashewa kuma a wani ɓangare na yankin kawai.

Jiran shiru

Naomi Tsuji (Jami’ar Tokyo da RIKEN), Caterina Tresoldi (INAF–Cibiyar Kallon Taurari ta Brera) da kimanin abokan aiki arba’in a faɗin Japan, Italiya, Amurka, China, Kanada, Faransa da wasu wurare sun zaɓi dabarar da ke akasin haka. Bayan sun tabbatar da wasu kayan aiki cewa ramin baƙin yana shiru, sun nuna na’urar hangen nesa ta XMM-Newton ga dukkan yankin hasken gamma a watan Satumba 2025: nuni huɗu na kilosecond 30 zuwa 40 kowanne. Tushen tsakiya a lokacin ya ragu da kusan matakai uku na girma a haske idan aka kwatanta da lokacin kallon XRISM.

Filin ya zama cike da tushen ɗigo — taurari masu aiki, farin dwarf, damin taurari masu nisa — waɗanda ƙungiyar ta rufe don neman haske mai bazuwa.

Taswirorin XMM-Newton na yankin V4641 Sgr (tauraro) da layukan hasken gamma daga H.E.S.S. a fari; a dama, sabbin tushen hasken X masu bazuwa biyu n1 da s1. — Hoto na 1, Tsuji, Tresoldi da abokan aiki (2026), arXiv:2610.02966.

Ƙulli biyu a kan layin feshin

A cikin zangon 2–5 keV, wurare biyu masu bazuwa sun fito fili, an sa musu suna n1 (arewa) da s1 (kudu) bisa sanannun ƙullin SS 433. Suna kimanin parsec 23 da 25 daga tagwayen taurarin, kusan a layi ɗaya da layin feshin rediyo (cikin 16° da 10°), kuma suna cikin hasken gamma. Muhimmancin ganowa: sigma 20 ga n1, sigma 7 ga s1; n1 ya bayyana a kallo biyu daban-daban.

Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka gano tsarin feshin hasken X mai tsawon dubun parsec a cikin wannan tsari. Irin waɗannan tsare-tsare an san su ne a cikin ’yan tagwayen taurarin hasken X kaɗan kawai.

Yanayin haskensu layin iko ne mai santsi (power law), ba tare da layukan fitar haske na gas mai zafi ba; samfurin zafi ya yi daidai da muni sosai. Marubutan suna fassara shi a matsayin hasken synchrotron: electron masu kuzarin TeV da dama da ke karkace a cikin maganadisu.

Raunannen maganadisu, da aka ƙarfafa a wuri

Gina samfurin hasken X da hasken gamma tare — electron iri ɗaya ne ke samar da su duka — ya ba da maganadisu na microgauss 3 zuwa 5 kawai a cikin ƙullin, da microgauss 1 zuwa 2 ko ƙasa da haka a sauran ɓangarorin hasken gamma. Maganadisun rarrauna ne, amma an ƙarfafa shi a wuri.

Wannan shi ne babban bambanci da SS 433, wadda ƙullinta ke a nisa makamancin haka: SS 433 tana haske kusan sau goma fiye a hasken X fiye da hasken gamma, V4641 Sgr kuma kusan sau goma ƙasa da haka, saboda maganadisunta ya fi rauni. Marubutan suna ba da shawarar feshi mara ƙarfi a matsakaici, ko muhalli mara yawa, tunda V4641 Sgr tana kusan digiri 5 ƙasa da shimfiɗar Damin Taurari.

Fassarori biyu sun rage a buɗe: ƙullin za su iya zama wuraren ƙara sauri kansu, inda feshin ke fuskantar girgiza (shock), ko tsare-tsare da ke can gaba. Don kai kuzarin PeV a cikin irin wannan maganadisu a kan kusan parsec 5, feshin zai buƙaci ya yi tafiya da aƙalla kashi ɗaya cikin goma na saurin haske. Ba kuma za a iya kawar da ƙwayoyin da proton suka samar maimakon electron ba.

Duba nesa da tsakiya

Marubutan sun yi gargaɗin cewa tushen ɗigo da ba a raba su ba za su iya ci gaba da ba da gudunmawa, kuma kamannin bazuwa zai iya fitowa a wani ɓangare daga ƙarancin ƙarfin rarrabewa. An tsara kallo da Chandra da NuSTAR. Wata takarda ta haɗin gwiwa da tauraron ɗan adam na Einstein Probe ta ba da rahoton tsare-tsaren hasken X masu daidaito. Shawararsu ga sauran masana ilimin taurari mai sauƙi ce: ku nuna nesa da tsakiya mai haske, a lokutan shiru, kuma ku nemi ƙullin.