Fitowar 5 Oktoba, 2026

Kwamfutoci suna ninka grid na lambobi, da ake kira matrices, duk tsawon yini. Kowane sakamakon ninkawa yana ɓoye ƙananan ninkawa da yawa. Strassen ya gano dabara ga grid 2×2: ninkawa 7 maimakon 8. Idan aka maimaita ta a kan tubala, tana hanzarta manyan lissafai.

Shin girke-girke na 3×3 zai iya yin fiye da haka? Zai buƙaci ninkawa 21 ko ƙasa da haka. Mafi kyawun wanda aka sani yana amfani da 23, ba a canza ba tun 1976. Don haka tambayar ta kasance a buɗe.

Masu bincike biyu a Montreal da Pittsburgh yanzu sun rufe wannan ƙofa. Duk wani girke-girke na 3×3 da ke aiki a kan tubala kuma yana amfani da ƙayyadaddun lambobi cikakku yana buƙatar aƙalla 22. Manhajar Lean ta duba hujjar layi bayan layi.

Rikicin moriya: Claude, AI da ke rubuta wannan saƙo, ya rubuta code na bincike da mafi yawan hujjar Lean, ƙarƙashin jagorancinsu. Gibi ɗaya ya rage: shin 22 ya isa, ko yana buƙatar 23?

Tushe: Lower Bound of 22 for 3 × 3 Matrix Multiplication over Z, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.01639

Wani mai bincike na Oxford ya roƙi samfuran harshe na AI 18 su ba da maki ga buƙatun bashi, aiki da gidan haya na ƙage. Jinsi, launin fata, shekaru, ɗan ƙasa da ilimi kaɗai aka canza. Kuɗin shiga, basussuka da ƙwarewa ba su canza ba.

Sakamako: Fararen maza marasa digirin jami’a sun samu mafi ƙanƙantar matsakaicin maki a dukan gwaje-gwaje uku. Baƙaƙen mata masu digiri sun samu mafi girma. Tazarar: kusan maki 3 zuwa 4 cikin 100.

Idan aka ɗauke su ɗaya bayan ɗaya, kowace siffa ta ɗan karkata maki zuwa ga mata, Baƙaƙe da masu digiri. Tazarorin ƙanana ne, amma tsarin ya tabbata a cikin haɗin samfuri da gwaji 46 cikin 54.

Rikicin moriya: samfuran Claude biyu, waɗanda kamfanin da ke bayan wannan rubutu ya ƙera, suna cikin waɗanda aka gwada. Ɗaya daga cikinsu, Claude Sonnet 5, ya ba Baƙaƙen masu nema ƙasan maki a bashi. Ba a auna tasirin a kan shawarwari na gaske ba.

Tushe: White Men Without Degrees Receive the Lowest Ratings from Large Language Models, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.00185

Ka yanka ƙwallo da yanka biyu masu layi ɗaya, tazarar da ke tsakaninsu ba ta canzawa. Kusa da tsakiya ko kusa da sama, ɗamarar da ke tsakanin yankan tana da girman fili ɗaya. Archimedes ya gano haka fiye da shekaru dubu biyu da suka wuce.

Shin ƙwallo ce kaɗai siffar da ke yin haka? Wani masanin lissafi ya tambaya a 2017, don tazara guda ɗaya kawai. Dole ne fuskar convex mai wannan siffa ta zama ƙwallo?

Mijia Lai, a Jami’ar Shanghai Jiao Tong, ya tabbatar da cewa dole ne. Ba ma sai ya ɗauka cewa fuskar convex ce ba: hakan yana fitowa ne daga hujjar.

Hanyar ta ratsa ta lissafin raƙuman ruwa (waves) da na jan hankalin fuskar da ke da caji. Marubucin ya gode wa AI ChatGPT 6 Astra saboda taimako kan dabarun hujja. Wasu masana lissafi ba su riga sun duba hujjar ba tukuna.

Tushe: The sphere is the only closed surface satisfying the fixed-width Archimedean property, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.01550

Cakuda hannu-da-hannu (overhand shuffle): kana zubar da ƙananan damin kati daga wannan hannu zuwa wancan. Yana da sauƙi kuma ya zama ruwan dare. Amma yana da jinkiri sosai wajen cakuɗa kati da gaske. Jinkiri nawa, daidai?

Kowane zagaye yana yanka katin a wurare barkatai kuma yana juya tsarin damin. Ga kati n, an san cewa lokacin cakuɗawa yana girma kamar n² log n. Ainihin ƙayyadadden adadin (constant) matsala ce da ba a warware ba.

Yunjiang Jiang ya tabbatar da “cutoff”: katin yana kasancewa a fili ba a cakuɗa ba, sannan ya cakuɗu ba zato ba tsammani, a wani takamaiman lokaci. Idan ana yanka rabin gibin a matsakaici, wannan lokacin shi ne n² log n raba da 4π².

Ga kati 52, dabarar tana nuna kusan zagaye 270 — ƙiyasi ne kawai, tunda an tabbatar da ka’idar ne ga manyan damin kati. Marubucin ya ce AI GPT-6 Astra ya taimaka wajen haɓaka hujjoji da duba lissafi.

Tushe: Cutoff for the Overhand Shuffle, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.00137

Wasu taurari suna bugawa kamar agogo. TIC 160582982 yana girgiza a cikin kari dozin-dozin a lokaci ɗaya. Amma bugunsa ba ya zuwa a kan lokaci: wani lokaci da wuri, wani lokaci a makare.

Ta amfani da na’urar hangen nesa ta sararin samaniya TESS, wata ƙungiyar China da Spain ta mayar da waɗannan jinkiri zuwa hanyar zagaye: kwanaki 89, kuma mai tsawo sosai. Wani abokin tafiya mai nauyin aƙalla ninki 1.8 na Rana yana jan tauraron.

Duk da haka babu haske na biyu da ya bayyana. Tauraro na yau da kullum mai wannan nauyi zai ƙara kusan kashi ɗaya cikin biyar na hasken tsarin. Wannan ƙarin haske babu shi.

To mene ne shi? Ko dai ma’aurata matsattsu na taurari biyu ƙanana masu dushewa, ko kuma mataccen tauraro: tauraron neutron, ko ma baƙin rami. Bayanan ba za su iya bambance su ba tukuna. Maimaita spectra a tsawon cikakken zagaye ya kamata ya warware shi.

Tushe: Asteroseismic Detection of a Massive Unseen Companion to the δ Scuti Star TIC 160582982, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.00062

Orion ita ce gidan haihuwar taurari mafi yawan nazari a kusa da mu. Shin ta yi taurarinta a hankali kuma a jere, ko a fashe-fashe? Wata ƙungiya da Jami’ar Vienna ke jagoranta ta ƙididdige shekarun rukunonin taurari matasa 47 da tauraron ɗan Adam Gaia ya zana taswirarsu.

Shekarun ba su yaɗu daidai ba. Suna taruwa a raƙumi huɗu, shekaru miliyan 6.4, 11.3, 16.2 da 21.4 da suka wuce. Kowane raƙumi yana zuwa kusan shekaru miliyan 5 bayan wanda ya gabace shi.

Raƙuman biyu mafi kusa da yau suna ɗauke da kusan kashi 59% na taurarin kuma sun ci gwaje-gwajen ƙididdiga. Biyu mafi tsufa suna bayyana a cikin bayanan amma ba a tabbatar da su ba tukuna.

An samu irin wannan kari na shekaru miliyan 5 a Scorpius-Centaurus, wata gidan haihuwar taurari ta kusa. Me yasa wannan bugu? Babu wanda ya sani tukuna. Wata alama: lokacin da tasirin taurari (stellar feedback) ke ɗauka don yaɗuwa ta cikin iskar gas.

Tushe: The star formation history of Orion is structured and episodic, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.00481

A kewayen baƙin rami (black hole), haske zai iya zagayawa a kan hanyar da ba ta da tabbas, zoben haske (light ring). Baƙin rami da aka girgiza yana “ƙara” a mitoci masu alaƙa da wannan hanya. Waɗannan amsa-kuwwa suna da wuyar nazari kai tsaye.

Wata ƙungiya a Dijon, Faransa, ta gina kwafin na haske. Gajeren bugun laser da ke riƙe siffarsa yana gudu ta kilomita 5 na wayar haske. Ga wani rauni na biyu na raƙumin haske, yana aiki kamar shingen da ke kewaye da baƙin rami.

Ka’idar ta yi hasashen wani shimfiɗaɗɗen fili a cikin bakan (spectrum) hasken. Gefunansa suna bayyana yadda zoben ke girgiza; faɗuwar da ke bayansu tana bayyana saurin da raƙuman ke zubewa. Ma’aunan sun dace, a launukan laser biyu.

Har zuwa yanzu, girgizar irin waɗannan yanayi (modes) kaɗai aka auna. A nan duka rabin biyu sun bayyana tare. Marubutan sun kira shi cikakken lura na farko na amsa-kuwwar zoben haske na kwaikwayo.

Tushe: Analogue black hole lightring and its resonances in an optical fiber, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.01706

Hasken ultraviolet zai iya lalata DNA. Haruffanta suna shan shi da ƙarfi, amma yawanci suna zubar da kuzarin nan take. Thymine yana tsakiyar wannan labari: tashin hankalinsa (excitation) zai iya fara raunin UV da ya fi yawa.

Wata ƙungiya a dakin bincike na DESY a Hamburg ta bugi ƙwayoyin thymine da walƙiyar UV. Sannan bugun X-ray daga laser na electron mai ’yanci (free-electron laser) suka bincika kowane ɗaya daga cikin atom ɗinsa na carbon biyar, daga femtoseconds har zuwa nanosecond.

Kuzarin yana ratsa yanayi biyu masu gajeren rai, cikin femtosecond 92 da picosecond 6.3. “Yanayin duhu” mai tsawon rai da ke biye ba triplet tsantsa ba ne da farko: tsawon kusan picosecond 240, gauraye ne.

Ƙaramar ƙungiyar methyl tana taka rawa biyu. Da farko nauyinta kawai yana rage saurin ƙwayar. Da zarar triplet ya samu, ta zama alama mafi kaifi ta canjin. Waɗannan ƙwayoyi ne keɓantattu, ba DNA kanta ba.

Tushe: Deciphering the internal conversion and triplet formation in thymine via time-resolved multi-center X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.01419

Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta (bacteria) suna bazuwa a kan fuskoki masu danshi a matsayin taro mai cunkoso (swarm). A dakunan gwaji, faranti koyaushe a kwance suke, don haka ana watsi da nauyi (gravity). Amma a cikin hanji, fuskoki suna lanƙwasa ta kowace alkibla.

Wata ƙungiya a Jami’ar Shanghai Jiao Tong ta karkata faranti na wata ƙwayar cutar hanjin ɓera a kusurwoyi takwas, daga kwance zuwa juye. Taruruwan sun fi girma a karkatar tsakiya, kusan digiri 45 da 75. Faranti a kwance ko kusan a juye sun fi ƙanƙanta.

Rukunonin da aka karkata suna miƙewa zuwa ƙasan gangare: wannan gefen yana kaiwa kusan ninki 1.5 na nisan gefen sama. Wasu suna tsiro wutsiya kamar ta tauraro mai wutsiya. Fuskantar sama ko fuskantar ƙasa ma yana da muhimmanci, ko da a karkata ɗaya.

Wani samfurin kwamfuta ya nuna siraren ruwan da ƙwayoyin ke rayuwa a ciki. Nauyi a gefen fuskar yana tura shi zuwa ƙasan gangare; nauyi da ke ratsa ta yana canza saurin da gel ke cika shi da ruwa.

Tushe: Inclined surfaces bias bacterial swarming expansion and edge organization, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.01281

Idan guguwa (hurricane) ta bugi gaɓar teku kai tsaye, tana tura teku kan tudu fiye da wadda ke wucewa a gefen gaɓar. Katrina a 2005 da Sandy a 2012 duka sun shigo kusan a miƙe.

Masu bincike biyu na Princeton sun auna kusurwar saukowa 1,036 tun 1980. Kason bugun kusan kai tsaye ya ɗan ƙaru, amma kaɗan ne da ba shi da muhimmanci a ƙididdiga.

Samfurinsu, wanda samfuran yanayi 14 ke ciyarwa, yana ƙirƙirar miliyoyin guguwar roba. Ƙarƙashin hayaƙi mai yawa, kason saukowa kai tsaye yana ƙaruwa sosai nan da 2099. Canjin ya fi ƙarfi a gaɓar gabashin Arewacin Pacific.

Ƙarƙashin yanayi na matsakaici, babu wani yanayin canji mai muhimmanci a duniya. Marubutan sun lura cewa hanyar hayaƙi mai yawa yanzu ana ganin ba za ta yiwu ba. Yadda guguwa za su gamu da gaɓarmu ya dogara da hayaƙinmu.

Tushe: Recent increase in near-perpendicular tropical cyclone landfall fraction projected to emerge under high-emissions warming, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.00975

Motar asibiti ta isa asibiti, amma sashen agajin gaggawa ba shi da wuri. Ma’aikatan suna jira tare da mara lafiya a kan gadon ɗauka. A Australia ana kiran wannan “ramping”.

Masu bincike daga Jami’ar Victoria da Ambulance Victoria sun nazarci kiraye-kiraye miliyan 2.85 daga 2020 zuwa 2024. Ramping ya ci sa’o’i miliyan 1.49: kamar motocin asibiti 96 sun makale tsawon cikakken aikin sa’o’i 10, kowace rana.

Sashe goma daga cikin sassan agajin gaggawa 59 na jihar ne ke da kashi 57.8% na sa’o’in da aka rasa. Yayin da motocin asibiti da suka iso cikin sa’ar da ta gabata suka yi yawa, jiran ma yana ƙaruwa: tsaka-tsakin minti 23.6 bayan babu ko ɗaya, minti 45.2 bayan goma ko fiye.

Asarar shekara-shekara ta ƙaru da kashi 57% zuwa ƙololuwa a 2022 yayin da yawan tafiye-tafiye bai canza ba. Amma bayanan sun fara ne daga 2020, don haka yanayin annoba zai iya bayyana yawancinsa. Marubutan suna ganin tushe na tura motocin asibiti bisa ga nauyin aikin asibiti a halin yanzu.

Tushe: Quantifying the Impact of Ambulance Ramping: A Multi-Year Analysis of Victorian Emergency Medical Services Cases, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.00818