MUTUM-MUTUMI MAI SIFFAR ƊAN ADAM YA KOYI INDA ZAI NUFA

Ɗan wasan ƙwallon tebur nagari yana yin abubuwa biyu a lokaci guda. Yana aiwatarwa: yana motsa dukan jikinsa don sanya ƙwallon inda yake so. Kuma yana yanke shawara: yana zaɓar wurin da zai dami abokin hamayya. Mayarwa na iya zama daidai amma mai sauƙin kaiwa, ko mai wayo amma mai wuyar yi. Idan robot ya koyi duka biyun lokaci guda, yana da wuya a gane wanne ne ke sa shi ya ci.

Wata ƙungiya daga Jami’ar Zhejiang, Jami’ar Tsinghua, Jami’ar Tongji, Jami’ar Teku ta Sin, Cibiyar Ƙirƙira ta Shanghai da RoboParty Lab ta zaɓi raba su. Abin da ya haɗa su biyun nau’in lamba guda ɗaya ne: wurin da ke kan tebur inda ya kamata ƙwallon ya sauka.

Jiki da ke bugawa inda aka gaya masa

Robot ɗin mutum-mutumi ne mai siffar ɗan adam na Unitree G1, mai gaɓoɓi 29 masu injin. Wani na’urar bin diddigi ta waje tana bin ƙwallon sau 100 a cikin daƙiƙa.

Idan ƙwallo ya shigo, wani mai tsarawa bisa kimiyyar lissafi (physics) yana lissafa abin da raket dole ya yi — matsayi, gudu da kusurwa lokacin bugawa — don aika ƙwallon zuwa wurin saukar da aka nema, yana la’akari da nauyi, jan iska, tsallen ƙwallo da raga. Sannan wata hanyar sadarwar jijiyoyi (neural network) tana juya wannan tsari zuwa umarni ga dukan jiki, sau 50 a cikin daƙiƙa.

Horarwa tana faruwa a matakai uku, a cikin kwaikwayo:

1. Koyon bugawa. Robot ɗin yana atisaye da ƙwallaye da aka jefa ta hanya ƙayyadaddiya, yana nufar wuraren sauka da aka zaɓa ba bisa ka’ida ba.
2. Koyon jerin bugu. Robot biyu na kwaikwayo suna wasa da juna. Ƙwallayen da ke shigowa yanzu suna zuwa daga bugun abokin hamayya na gaske, amma wuraren da ake nufa har yanzu ba bisa ka’ida ba ne: babu dabara tukuna.
3. Koyon wasa. Ana daskarar da sarrafa dukan jiki. Wata hanyar sadarwa ta biyu, daban, tana koyon zaɓar ɗaya daga cikin yankuna tara a kan tebur kawai, daga hanyar ƙwallon ta kwanan nan, matsayinsa, matsayin abokin hamayya da wurin da ya nufa a baya. Ana ba ta lada idan ta ci maki, ba tare da wata ka’idar dabara da aka rubuta da hannu ba.

Daidai, sannan mafi wayo

A cikin kwaikwayo, 99.2% na mayarwa sun sauka bisa ka’ida, kuma 94.3% daga cikinsu cikin santimita 30 na wurin da aka nema, tare da matsakaicin kuskure na santimita 15. Atisaye a cikin jerin bugu ya sa bugun ya fi daidai kuma ya fi halatta fiye da adadin ƙarin horo iri ɗaya a kan ƙwallaye da aka tsara tun farko.

Sannan babban gwajin ya zo. Kowane ɗan wasa ya yi amfani da jiki ɗaya daskararre daidai, don haka zaɓin wurin da ake nufa ne kawai ya bambanta. Dabarar da aka koya ta ci:

• 89% na maki a kan ɗan wasa da kullum ke nufar tsakiya;
• 82% a kan wanda ke nufa ba bisa ka’ida ba;
• 73% a kan wanda kullum ke nufa nesa da abokin hamayya gwargwadon iko.

Ba wai kawai ta sami wasu wurare masu kyau ba. Ta matsar da wurin da take nufa nesa da inda abokin hamayya yake tsaye, da kuma nesa da inda ta aika ƙwallon da ya gabata.

Wasanni uku da ɗan adam

A kan G1 na gaske, da jiki ɗaya daskararre kuma ana ɗaukar matsayin ɗan adam ta na’urar ɗaukar motsi (motion tracking), robot ɗin ya buga wasanni uku na maki 11 da ɗan wasa ɗaya mai wasa don nishaɗi. Ya ci 11–4, 11–6 da 11–9, tare da jerin bugu masu yawa da mayarwa ta gaban hannu da ta bayan hannu.

Bai kai matakin kulob ba tukuna

Marubutan sun lissafa abin da ya rage. Robot ɗin ya dogara ne ga na’urar bin ƙwallo ta waje da ɗaukar motsi maimakon idanunsa. Samfurin ƙwallon bai kula da juyawa (spin) ba. Yankuna tara suna iyakance dabarunsa, yana ganin abokin hamayya ne kawai a matsayin wuri a ƙasa, kuma yana yin bugun farko (serve) zuwa wuri ƙayyadadde. Kuma dukan wasanninsa na gaske sun kasance da ɗan wasa mai son wasa guda ɗaya. Babban saƙonsu ka’idar ƙira ce: a riƙe ma’anar burin a tsaye yayin da jikin da ke ƙarƙashinsa ke ci gaba da koyo.