Fitowar 15 Oktoba, 2026

Muon, 'yan'uwan electron masu nauyi, suna ratsa kauri mai yawa na abu. Sun ɗauki hoton duwatsu masu aman wuta kuma sun gano wani ɓoyayyen fili a cikin Babbar Dala. Amma nama mai laushi kusan ba ya karkatar da su.

A CERN, wata ƙungiya ta aika da hasken muon ta cikin ƙirjin samfurin likitanci mai ƙasusuwa da huhu na roba. Na'urorin ganowa sun auna yadda aka ɗan karkatar da kowane ɗaya daga cikin muon 293,035, daga kusurwa bakwai. Wani AI da aka horar a kan kwaikwayo ya tsabtace hoton.

A yankin zuciya, yawan nama da aka auna ya dace da kwaikwayon cikin 1%. Haƙarƙari da ƙashin baya sun bayyana kusa da ainihin wurinsu. Ƙananan kumfar iska a bangon zuciya ba a gan su ba.

Adadin hasken a wurin: kusan microgray 2, ƙasa sosai da na X-ray na ƙirji, ko da yake ba za a iya kwatanta lambobin biyu kai tsaye ba. Ƙungiyar yanzu tana duba tushen muon ƙanana da laser ke tafiyarwa.

Tushe: Experimental Demonstration of Soft-Tissue Muon Scattering Tomography, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.16647

Iyakar abubuwan da ke faruwa (event horizon) ba ta barin komai ya fita, hatta haske. To ta yaya za a tabbatar da cewa tana nan a kusa da baƙin rami da faɗinsa kilomita goma-goma kawai?

Masana taurari na ƙasar Sin sun zaɓi nau'i-nau'i biyar masu tsanani a cikin gungun taurari. Wani ƙaramin farin dwarf yana kewaya wani mataccen tauraro cikin ƙasa da mintuna 40. A irin waɗannan kewaye masu matsewa, raƙuman nauyi (gravitational waves) ne ke tantance saurin kwararar abu. Don haka ana iya lissafa saurin ciyarwa.

Huɗu daga cikin matattun taurarin taurarin neutron ne. Ɗaya baƙin rami ne. Duk da ana ciyar da shi kusan daidai da ɗaya daga cikin abokan hamayyarsa, tsarin baƙin rami yana haskakawa ƙasa da sau dubu.

Tauraron neutron yana da saman mai tauri: abin da ke faɗowa yana bugawa kuma yana haskakawa. Baƙin rami ba shi da shi: makamashin yana ɓacewa a bayan iyakarsa. Shaida ce ta kaikaice, daga baƙin rami guda ɗaya kawai zuwa yanzu.

Tushe: Observational evidence of black hole event horizon from ultra-compact X-ray binaries, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.17618

Tururuwa suna barin hanyar ƙamshi don su jagoranci 'yan'uwansu zuwa abinci. Waɗannan hanyoyin har sun yi wahayi ga algoridim na kwamfuta. Duk da haka babu wanda ya taɓa ganin digo ɗaya na feromon ɗin hanya.

Wata ƙungiya a Limoges ta bar tururuwan *Lasius niger* su yi tafiya a kan gadar gilashi. Wani na'urar hangen nesa ta musamman ta auna yadda kowane digo mai haske yake jinkirta haske, ta haka ta ba da kaurinsa har zuwa nanomita.

Digo na yau da kullum yana ɗauke da ƙasa da kashi ɗaya cikin tiriliyan na lita. Mafi yawansa yana ƙafewa cikin daƙiƙoƙi. Wani abu mai ƙarfi yana saura kuma a hankali yana rasa kusan 10% cikin sa'a guda. Wani saura yana nan har washegari.

Abin mamaki: girman digon yana bambanta fiye da ninki 20, kuma 90% na wannan bambanci ya fito ne daga bambance-bambance tsakanin tururuwa. Wasu ma'aikata na iya zama ƙwararrun masu gina hanya.

Tushe: Imaging the building blocks of ant pheromone communication, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.18079

Manyan taurarin galaxy suna lanƙwasa hasken quasar masu nisa zuwa hotuna da dama. Idan quasar ya yi walƙiya, kowane hoto yana walƙiya a lokaci daban. Waɗannan jinkiri suna auna saurin faɗaɗar Sararin Samaniya.

Ƙungiyar TDCOSMO ta yi amfani da irin waɗannan ruɗin gani goma sha ɗaya, tare da sabbin bayanai daga na'urar hangen nesa ta James Webb. Motsin taurari a cikin kowane galaxy mai lanƙwasawa ya tantance nauyinsa.

Sakamako: kilomita 71.1 a cikin daƙiƙa a kowane megaparsec, tare da rashin tabbas na 3.3%. An ɓoye ƙimar daga ƙungiyar har sai bitarta ta ƙare. Tana kusa da ma'aunin taurarin galaxy na kusa, sigma 1.6 sama da hasashen farkon Sararin Samaniya.

Idan aka haɗa da wasu bincike, bayanan kuma suna ɗan karkata nesa da makamashi mai duhu (dark energy) mai tsayayyen ƙima, a sigma 2.3 zuwa 2.5. Har yanzu wannan yana da nisa daga gano wani abu.

Tushe: TDCOSMO 2026: A 3% measurement of the Hubble constant from strong lensing and stellar kinematics, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.14781

Shin ƙananan sanduna na ƙarfe za su iya sa Mars ta zama mai yiwuwar rayuwa? Wasu bincike sun ba da shawarar ƙananan ƙwayoyin aluminium da ke riƙe zafi, a riƙa fesa su cikin iska ba tsayawa. Masana kimiyyar lissafi biyu na Munich sun gwada wani ra'ayi mafi arha: allura guda ɗaya.

A cikin samfurin yanayi mai girma uku, sun musanya dukan ƙurar Mars da waɗannan ƙwayoyin sau ɗaya. Sun kuma sanya babban shimfiɗar ƙanƙarar ruwa a kwarin Hellas. Sannan suka gudanar da cikakkiyar shekarar Mars, kwanaki 669.

Abin mamaki: duniyar ta yi sanyi. Matsakaicin zafin saman ƙasa ya faɗi da digiri 3.1. Tururin ruwa ya ragu da 99.65%, kuma 12% na sararin iska ya daskare a kan ƙasa.

Ƙwayoyin sun faɗo daga sama a hankali, kuma ƙanƙara mai haske ta mayar da hasken rana. Marubutan sun kira tasirin bugun da ke wucewa. Dumama Mars zai buƙaci fiye da allura ɗaya da yawa.

Tushe: 3D Global Climate Simulations of Synthetic Mars Warming: Assessing the Feasibility Limits of Terraforming, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.18114

Superconductors suna ɗaukar wutar lantarki ba tare da wani tsayayya ba, amma sai idan sun yi sanyi sosai. Mafi kyawun waɗanda ke da yawan hydrogen suna aiki sama da kelvin 200. Matsalar: suna buƙatar kusan matsin yanayi miliyan ɗaya.

Masana kimiyyar lissafi biyu na Amurka sun yi nazarin wani sinadari na sodium da hydrogen, NaH6, gaba ɗaya ta kwamfuta. Ba a yi samfuri ba, ba a auna komai ba. Lissafinsu sun yi hasashen kelvin 230 a rabin wannan matsin, kusan -43 °C.

Abin juyi: ƙwayoyin hydrogen ɗinsa suna zama biyu-biyu, kamar a cikin iskar hydrogen. An ɗauka cewa irin waɗannan nau'i-nau'i suna kashe superconductivity. A ɗaya daga cikin siffofinsa, matsi yana karkatar da nau'i-nau'in, kuma zafin da ake buƙata (critical temperature) yana ƙaruwa tare da karkatarwar.

A yi hankali: a wannan matsin, siffar kelvin 230 ba ita ce mafi daidaito ba. Siffar da ta daidaita tana kaiwa kelvin 99. Gwaji ne kawai zai iya warware hakan yanzu.

Tushe: H2-Like Units and Pressure-Tunable High-Tc Superconductivity in NaH6, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.17148

A kaka ta 2024, guguwa biyu sun bugi kudu maso gabashin Amurka a tazarar kwanaki 13. Helene ta mamaye yankunan karkara na cikin ƙasa da ambaliya. Milton ta bugi biranen bakin teku na Florida. Gwaji ne na halitta.

Masu bincike sun bi ziyarce-ziyarcen da na'urorin hannu suka rubuta a ƙananan hukumomi (counties) 521, inda mutane miliyan 42.9 ke zaune. Sun raba motsi zuwa tafiye-tafiye na cikin gida, zuwan mutane daga waje da tashi.

Milton ta haifar da faɗuwa mafi zurfi, har zuwa 60%. Duk da haka rayuwar cikin gida ta sake farawa cikin kusan kwanaki 4.5 bayan guguwar biyu. Ainihin tazarar tana wani wuri: zuwan mutane daga waje ya ɗauki kwanaki 11 kafin ya farfaɗo bayan Helene, 5 bayan Milton.

Darasin: gari na iya sake bayyana a cike da hada-hada yayin da har yanzu yake a yanke daga yankin da ke kewaye. Hanyoyin sufurinsa da samun ayyuka na iya buƙatar dubawa. Marubutan suna ba da shawarar bin baƙi da ke dawowa don gano al'ummomin karkara da suka keɓe.

Tushe: Hurricane recovery gaps lie in reconnection, not local restart, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.17550

Tsakiyar ƙwayar zarra ta thorium-229 na iya canza yanayi da ɗan ƙaramin makamashi. Wannan ya sa ta zama 'yar takara ga agogo da aka gina bisa tsakiyar ƙwayar zarra. Amma tana amsa ne kawai ga haske a nanomita 148.4, a cikin zurfin ultraviolet.

Wata ƙungiya a ƙasar Sin ta raba tsawon zangon laser na infrared sau uku. Mataki na ƙarshe yana amfani da lu'ulu'u na strontium borate, a cikin akwati cike da nitrogen zalla, saboda oxygen yana shanye wannan haske.

Sakamako: kusan nanowatt 8.1, haske mai rauni amma mai tsabta. Ya gudana na sa'o'i 33.3, kuma wata dabara mai sauƙi ta tace sauye-sauyensa na hankali.

Rikicin muradi: wasu marubuta suna aiki a, ko kuma su ne masu, Shanghai Precilasers, wani kamfanin laser. Marubutan kuma sun lura cewa ƙarfinsu mafi girma ba ya tabbatar da lu'ulu'u mafi inganci.

Tushe: Continuous-wave 148.4-nm generation in strontium tetraborate for nuclear absorption spectroscopy, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.18470

Mayar da ƙwallon ping-pong wata fasaha ce. Zaɓar inda za a aika shi wata fasaha ce daban. Wata ƙungiyar ƙasar Sin ta koya wa mutum-mutumi mai siffar ɗan adam duka biyun, amma daban-daban.

Da farko, robot ɗin ya koyi sauke ƙwallon a kowane wuri da aka nema. A cikin kwaikwayo, 94% na mayarwarsa da suka halatta sun sauka cikin santimita 30 na wurin da aka nufa. Sannan aka daskarar da jikinsa.

Wani AI na biyu ya koyi inda zai nufa kawai, ta hanyar yin wasa da kwafinsa. Da bugu iri ɗaya, ya ci 89% na maki a kan ɗan wasa da kullum ke nufar tsakiya. Ya koyi nufar wuri nesa da abokin hamayyarsa.

A kan robot na gaske, ya doke wani ɗan wasa ɗan adam mai wasa don nishaɗi a wasanni uku na maki 11: 11-4, 11-6 da 11-9. Samfurin ƙwallon har yanzu bai kula da juyawa (spin) ba.

Tushe: From Hitter to Player: Separating Motor Execution and Strategy in Competitive Humanoid Table Tennis, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.14067