KA TAMBAYI AI YADDA ZA KA YI CINIKIN ALBASHI: MATA SUNA SAMUN HUTUN HAIHUWA, MAZA SUNA SAMUN HANNUN JARI

Rikicin muradu. Ɗaya daga cikin ƙirori huɗu da aka bincika a wannan nazari shi ne Claude Sonnet 4.6, wanda Anthropic ta ƙera — kuma shi ne ya nuna mafi girman tazarar albashi tsakanin maza da mata. Claude ne ya rubuta wannan maƙala. An ba da rahoton sakamakon kamar yadda suke a cikin takardar.

Mutane suna ƙara komawa ga tsarin AI don neman shawara kan aiki, ciki har da yadda za su yi cinikin tayin aiki. Cinikin aiki lokuta ne masu muhimmanci a rayuwar aiki, kuma sanannen tushe ne na rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi a wurin aiki.

Horarwar AI tana alƙawarin sanya shawarar ciniki ta zama mai arha kuma a hannun kowa, tare da daidaita ta ga kowane mai amfani. Nadja Born da Hannah Riley Bowles, na Harvard Kennedy School, da Jared Curhan, na MIT Sloan School of Management, sun tambayi me wannan daidaitawa ke yi idan abin da AI ta sani game da kai kawai shi ne jinsinka.

’Yan takara 86,000 iri ɗaya

Ƙungiyar ta gudanar da nazarce-nazarcen bincike (audit studies) biyu, inda aka riƙe komai daidai sai alamar jinsi.

• Nazari na 1, na bincike: buƙatu 6,000 na buɗaɗɗen tambaya inda ’yan takara suka faɗa a sarari cewa su mace ne ko namiji, masu shekaru 35 ko 45, masu neman aikin manajan tallace-tallace, manajan tsarin IT ko mai ba da shawara kan gudanarwa.
• Nazari na 2, wanda aka yi wa rajista tun kafin a fara (preregistered): buƙatu 80,000 ga ƙirori huɗu — GPT-5.4-mini, Claude Sonnet 4.6, Gemini 2.5 Flash da Llama 3.3 70B. An nuna jinsi ne kawai ta sunan farko da wakilan suna. Kowace ƙira ta ba da shawarar albashin da za a nema da kuma kewayon albashi, sannan ta jera sharuɗɗan aiki 25 da za a iya ciniki a kansu bisa fifiko.

Ƙarancin kuɗi ga mata, a kowace ƙira

A Nazari na 1, faɗin “Ni namiji ne” a sarari ya ɗaga albashin da aka ba da shawara da $2,408 a matsakaici, kuma maza sun sami fiye a duk haɗe-haɗe shida na aiki da shekaru.

A Nazari na 2, duk ƙirori huɗu sun ba da shawarar albashi mafi girma ga ’yan takara masu sunan maza. Idan aka haɗa su, an shawarci maza su nemi $5,820 fiye. Tazarar ta bambanta sosai: daga $1,594 ga Llama 3.3 70B zuwa $15,915 ga Claude Sonnet 4.6. Marubutan sun jaddada cewa alƙiblar ta kasance iri ɗaya a koyaushe, fiye da wani matsakaici guda. An kuma ba maza kewayon ciniki mafi faɗi: Claude Sonnet 4.6 ya ba da shawarar kewayon $60,596 ga maza idan aka kwatanta da $53,704 ga mata.

Ajandoji biyu daban-daban

Bambancin ya wuce batun kuɗi. A Nazari na 1, tallafin kula da yara ya bayyana a shawarar da aka ba mata kashi 80% na lokutan da aka ambace shi, hutun haihuwa kashi 69%, shirye-shiryen lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa da walwala kashi 68%. Hulɗa da abokan ciniki ta tafi ga maza kashi 89% na lokaci, kuɗin sallama daga aiki (severance packages) kashi 64%, hannun jari kashi 61%.

Nazari na 2 ya tabbatar da wannan tsari a duk ƙirori huɗu:

• Ga mata, ƙirorin sun fi ɗaukaka aiki daga gida ko gauraye (sau 2.3 na yiwuwa), hutun haihuwa (2.3), sassaucin lokutan aiki da aikin rabin lokaci.
• Ga maza, sun fi ɗaukaka hannun jari, taimakon ƙaura, kuɗin sallama daga aiki, kayan aiki da ƙarin albashi.
• Daga cikin sharuɗɗa 25, 10 sun karkata sosai zuwa ga mata, 14 kuma zuwa ga maza. “Shirye-shiryen walwala” kaɗai ne ba su nuna wani bambanci ba.

Mai ciyar da iyali da mai kula da iyali

Don gane ma’anar waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka, ƙungiyar ta tambayi manya Amurkawa 500 su auna kowane sharaɗin aiki daga “mai ciyar da iyali” zuwa “mai kula da iyali”. Tazarar jinsi ta ƙirorin ta bi waɗannan ma’aunan sosai, da alaƙar (correlation) −0.71: sharuɗɗan da aka tura zuwa ga mata su ne waɗanda mutane ke danganta su da kula da iyali, waɗanda aka tura zuwa ga maza kuma da ciyar da iyali. Babu ɗan takarar da ya ambaci yara, iyali ko wani zaɓi ko kaɗan.

Marubutan sun ce wannan wani nau’i ne na wariya ta ƙididdiga (statistical discrimination): amfani da matsakaicin rukuni a kan mutane ɗaiɗai waɗanda ba su bayyana komai game da kansu ba — ko waɗannan matsakaitan daidai ne ko a’a. Kuma yana da wuyar gani, domin babu wanda ke ganin shawarar da takwaransa na ɗayan jinsi ya samu. Ƙananan bambance-bambance, da ake maimaitawa a cikin miliyoyin hirarraki, za su iya taruwa; misali, ƙaramin albashin farko yana ƙara girma ta hanyar ƙarin albashi na kaso.

Abin da nazarin bai nuna ba

Marubutan sun auna shawarar ne, ba abin da mutane ke yi da ita ba. Sun duba jinsi ne kawai, a Amurka, da Turanci, tare da ƙayyadadden jerin sharuɗɗa 25. Sunaye na iya ɗauke da wasu alamu, kamar asalin da ake tsammani ko matsayin zamantakewa. Nazarin ba zai iya faɗin daga ina son zuciyar ke fitowa ba — bayanan horarwa, daidaitawa (alignment), umarnin tsarin (system prompts) ko samfura (sampling). Kuma da yake ƙirorin kasuwanci suna canzawa sau da yawa, marubutan sun gabatar da sakamakonsu a matsayin shaidar wata matsala mai maimaituwa, ba wani tsayayyen jerin matsayin masu samar da su ba. Suna lura cewa irin wannan daidaitawa ga mutum ɗaya za a iya, a ka’ida, tsara ta don yaƙar ra’ayoyin gargajiya maimakon maimaita su.