Fitowar 9 Oktoba, 2026

Mafi kyawun agogo suna ƙirga bugun electron a cikin atom. Thorium-229 yana ba da wani abu da ba kasafai ake samu ba: ƙwayar tsakiyarsa (nucleus) kanta za a iya tayar da ita da laser. Hakan yana buɗe hanyar agogon nukiliya.

Wata tawaga a Hefei da Vienna ta mayar da hasken laser na infrared zuwa ultraviolet a nanomita 148.4. Sun haskaka shi ta wani crystal mai ɗauke da thorium. Ƙwayoyin tsakiya suna sha a 'yan mitoci kaɗan masu kaifi.

Kowace daƙiƙa 10, laser ɗin ya gyara kansa a kan layi mafi kaifi. Zagayen ya riƙe na sa'o'i 30 a jere. Tawagar ta dakatar da shi yayin da yake manne har yanzu, saboda fitar iska (outgassing) ta dusashe hasken.

A cikin matsakaicin kusan sa'o'i uku, ya kauce da kusan kashi ɗaya cikin tiriliyan goma. Mafi kyawun agogon atom har yanzu sun fi shi nesa ba kusa ba. Amma guntayen crystal guda sun nuna tsarin layuka iri ɗaya a dakunan gwaje-gwaje uku.

Tushe: A solid-state nuclear clock based on VUV absorption spectroscopy of ²²⁹Th, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.10056

Riemann zeta function tana da sifilai marasa iyaka. Shin dukansu sauƙaƙa ne (simple), ba a taɓa maimaita su ba? Ba wanda ya sani. Masana lissafi suna tabbatar da kaso maimakon haka, kuma tseren yanzu yana gudana a kan lambobin bayan ɗigo.

Wani sabon preprint na wani masanin lissafi ɗan Norway ya tabbatar da cewa fiye da kashi 83.9% na sifilan sun bambanta. Aƙalla kashi 67.35% suna sauƙaƙa kuma a kan "layin muhimmi" (critical line) duka biyu. Dukansu sun doke iyakokin da aka tabbatar a baya.

Software ɗin Lean ya tantance hujjar, da giɓi ɗaya da aka bayyana: an amince da manyan binciken kwamfuta uku, ba ainihin Lean ne ya sake duba su ba. Rikicin moriya: Claude, wanda ke rubuta wannan saƙo, ya taimaka wajen gina hujjar da rubutun.

Takardar kuma ta tabbatar da silin nata. Wannan hanyar ba za ta iya kaiwa kashi 84% ba da aikin gwajinta na yanzu. Ƙasa da 0.002 ne ke raba sakamakon da iyakar hanyar.

Tushe: More than 83.9% of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function are distinct and more than 67.35% are simple and on the critical line, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.08965

A cikin hanyar sadarwa, saƙonni yawanci suna tafiya kamar kunshin kaya, kowanne a kan hanyarsa. Amma mahaɗai (nodes) za su iya haɗa saƙonni wuri ɗaya, misali ta hanyar haɗa su da lissafi. Shin hakan yana taɓa ɗaukar ƙarin bayanai?

A 2004, wani hasashe ya ce a'a, ga haɗin hanya biyu da masu aikawa da yawa ke rabawa. An tabbatar da shi a wani lamari bayan wani har shekaru 22, amma ba a taɓa tabbatar da shi gaba ɗaya ba.

Wata tawaga daga Toronto da Tsinghua ta gina hanyar sadarwa inda haɗawa ke cin nasara. Dabararsu tana mayar da wani gajeren code zuwa da'ira mai juyawa (reversible). Kowace waya ta da'irar tana zama kebul a cikin hanyar sadarwar.

Software ɗin Lean ya tantance hujjar gaba ɗaya, ba tare da ƙarin zato ba. Masu binciken sun bayyana cewa GPT-6 Astra na OpenAI ya taimaka da hujjoji da code. Girman da fifikon zai iya kaiwa har yanzu a buɗe yake.

Tushe: Network Coding Can Beat Routing in Undirected Multiple-Unicast Networks, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.09367

Aurora na Jupiter suna haske a raƙuman rediyo ma. Wasu daga cikinsu watansa Io ne ke kunna su. Shin wani abu da ke nesa da Tsarin Rana zai iya yin haka?

Wata tawaga daga Valencia, Madrid, Dublin da Amurka ta bi LSPM J0036+1821 na shekaru uku. Wannan "ultracool dwarf" yana nisan parsec 8.7. Na'urorin hangen nesa na rediyo sun kama bugu a kowane juyawa.

Yana juyawa sau ɗaya kowace sa'a 3.079, an auna shi har zuwa kusan daƙiƙa ɗaya. Filin maganadisunsa ya wuce gauss 4,300. Bugunsa sun dace da wani samfuri irin na Jupiter: zoben aurora tare da layin maganadisu ɗaya "mai aiki".

Wannan layi mai aiki yana kama da wanda Io ke ƙirƙira a kan Jupiter. Wani abokin tafiya na kusa zai iya haifar da shi, amma akwai wasu bayanai. Wani abokin tafiya da ake zato da aka gani a baya ya yi shiru a rediyo.

Tushe: A Jupiter-like radio aurora in the L3.5 dwarf LSPM J0036+1821, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.09854

Duniyoyi masu duwatsu suna girma ta hanyar karo. A kewayen matasan taurari, waɗannan manyan karo suna barin ƙura mai zafi da ke haske a infrared. Har yaushe wannan ƙurar za ta daɗe?

Masana ilimin taurari uku a Beijing sun tattara bayanan infrared na shekaru 19 kan NGC 2547 ID8. Tauraro ne mai kama da Rana mai kimanin shekaru miliyan 35. Bayanan sun fito daga Spitzer, WISE, JWST da SPHEREx.

Ƙurarsa tana ƙara haske kuma tana dusashewa kowane kwana 956.8, kimanin shekaru 2.6. Duk da haka ma'adinanta sun kasance iri ɗaya daga 2007 zuwa 2024: galibi olivine, tare da ɗan forsterite.

Mafi kyawun bayani: tarkace a kan hanyoyin kewayawa masu tsawo suna ci gaba da dawowa zuwa wani rumbu mai ɗumi. Maye gurbin ƙananan ƙwayoyi kaɗai a cikin shekaru 17 yana nufin niƙa wani dutse mai faɗin kilomita 400 zuwa 460. A cikin tsare-tsare 13 masu kama da juna, ID8 ne kaɗai ke nuna wannan tsarin.

Tushe: A Recurrent Infrared Modulation in the Warm Post-impact Debris Disk NGC 2547 ID8, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.10130

Duk motar da ta ƙetare gada tana sa ta girgiza. Waɗannan girgizar suna nutsewa ta ginshiƙai zuwa cikin ƙasa. Shin za su iya bayyana abin da ke faruwa ƙarƙashin kogi lokacin ambaliya?

Wata tawaga da Stanford ke jagoranta ta yi amfani da wata wayar fiber ta sadarwa da ba a amfani da ita a gefen wata babbar hanya a Koriya. Wata fasaha mai suna distributed acoustic sensing tana mayar da ita dubban na'urorin auna girgizar ƙasa. Sun saurari wata gada mai tsawon mita 430 a kan Kogin Miho na kwanaki goma a watan Yulin 2025.

Ababen hawa suna sa saman gadar ya yi ruri a hertz 2.6 zuwa 4.6. Waɗannan raƙuman ruwa suna ƙetare gaɓoɓin kogin biyu fiye da mita 400, kuma suna bayyana dutsen ƙasa a zurfin mita 56. Sauraro na minti biyar yana ba da sigina mai tsabta.

Sai wata damina da ba a taɓa gani ba ta faɗo, da ruwan sama har milimita 51 a sa'a guda. Saurin girgizar ƙasa a gaɓoɓin kogin ya ragu da har kashi 1%. Ƙasar da ta jiƙe ta yi laushi.

Tushe: Bridge Vibrations as Persistent Seismic Sources for Time-lapse Imaging of River Corridors with Distributed Acoustic Sensing, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.09289

Yanzu an san cikakkiyar taswirar haɗe-haɗen ƙwaƙwalwar ƙudan 'ya'yan itace: neuron 139,255 da haɗi miliyan 54.5. Amma shin haɗe-haɗen kaɗai suna ɗauke da ƙwarewar ƙwaƙwalwar?

Wata tawaga a Catalonia ta sake gina idon ƙudan mai haɗaka daga wannan taswirar. Sun haɗa shi da ainihin haɗe-haɗen ƙwaƙwalwar, ba tare da ƙara komai ba. Ƙarfin kowane synapse ne kaɗai za a iya daidaitawa.

Samfurin ya bambance shuɗi da rawaya kusan ba kuskure, har kashi 92% kafin wani horo. Ya bambance da'ira da tauraro a kashi 64% na lokaci. Kuma ya yanke hukunci wane launi ya fi yawan ɗigo, yana ƙara inganci yayin da bambancin ke ƙaruwa.

Ƙwaƙwalwa da aka jujjuya da dogayen wayoyi sun fi ƙoƙari. Amma a cikin ƙwaƙwalwa da aka jujjuya masu kuɗin haɗi iri ɗaya, ta gaskiya ce ta yi nasara kowane lokaci. Da alama juyin halitta ya sami tsari mai inganci.

Tushe: Structure alone supports efficient visual computation in the Drosophila visual system, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.10023

Masana tattalin arziki suna auna rashin daidaito da Gini coefficient: 0 yana nufin kowa yana da daidai, 1 yana nufin mai shi ɗaya ya ɗauki komai. Me zai faru idan muka auna yanayi haka?

Masana kimiyyar lissafi uku a Toulouse da Besançon sun yi amfani da ƙidayar nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa na tudu na daji 4,795. Sun ɗauki jimillar nauyin kowane nau'i a matsayin "arzikinsa". Barewar white-tailed deer ita kaɗai tana da kashi 12% na jimillar. Alade daji da giwar daji ta Afirka suna biye.

Sakamakon: Gini na 0.944, fiye da rashin daidaiton kowace ƙasa a kwatancensu. Rabin nau'ikan mafi sauƙin nauyi yana da kashi 0.23% kawai na jimillar nauyi. Kashi 10% na sama yana da kashi 92%.

Wani samfuri da aka aro daga kimiyyar lissafi, wanda aka fara amfani da shi ga arzikin ɗan adam, ya dace da lanƙwasar a matakai huɗu na girma. Masu binciken sun nuna cewa hanyar da abin ke faruwa da ƙyar take da muhimmanci. Wannan har yanzu hasashe ne.

Tushe: Mathematical statistics of wild mammal biomass, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.09744

AI na iya ba da shawarar ganewar cuta a hotunan X-ray. Amma idan ta yi kuskure, matasan likitoci sukan bi ta. Shin ra'ayin AI na biyu zai iya karya wannan sihirin?

A asibitoci uku na China, an raba matasan likitoci 132 zuwa rukuni uku. Kowannensu ya karanta hotunan X-ray 60 shi kaɗai, sannan kuma tare da GPT-5.4 kaɗai ko GPT-5.4 tare da Kimi ko Gemini. Kowace AI ta yi daidai a kashi 65% na lamura.

A kan hotunan X-ray 21 inda GPT-5.4 ta yi kuskure, masu koyon aikin radiology da AI ɗaya sun sami kashi 20%. Ba tare da taimako ba, likitocin guda sun sami kashi 31%. Da AI biyu, sun kai kusan kashi 40%.

Matsalar: ga masu koyon aiki daga wasu fannoni, AI ta biyu ta kuma rage makinsu lokacin da GPT-5.4 ta yi daidai. Gaba ɗaya, masu koyon aikin radiology ne kawai suka amfana. Ra'ayi biyu suna taimakawa, amma har zuwa wani iyaka.

Tushe: Dual- versus Single-Suggestion AI Support for Radiographic Interpretation in Residents: Randomized Multireader Study, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.09589

Fuskoki da yawa suna mayar da martani daban ga caji mai kyau da maras kyau a cikin ruwa. Har daskarewar ruwa ma na iya dogara ga alamar cajin. Shin ruwan kansa ne sanadi?

Wata tawaga a Mainz da Durham ta yi nazarin ruwa a kan graphene, wani fuska da da ƙyar yake mu'amala da ruwa. Wata fasahar laser ta bayyana alƙiblar da ƙwayoyin ruwan ke nunawa.

Abin mamaki: ba tare da wani caji ko kaɗan ba, ruwan ya riga ya karkata, hydrogen suna nuna nesa da graphene. Ƙara caji sai ya juya shi a hanya madaidaiciya, daidai wa daida, kowace alama.

Wannan karkatar da ke ciki tun asali ta isa ta sa martanin ya zama mara daidaito: ruwan yana rasa alƙiblarsa ne kawai a caji maras kyau na kusan millicoulomb 23 a kowace murabba'in mita. Kwaikwayon kwamfuta sun yarda. Rashin daidaiton cajin ruwa ba ya buƙatar wani hali na ban mamaki, sai wannan karkatar farko.

Tushe: Interfacial Water Responds Linearly to Charge yet Is Charge-Asymmetric, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.09705

Crystal na yau da kullum suna maimaita tsari ɗaya akai-akai. Quasicrystal ma suna da tsari, amma ba sa taɓa maimaitawa. Za su iya nuna daidaiton juyawa (symmetry), kamar ninki takwas, da babu crystal mai maimaituwa da ke yarda da shi.

Wata tawaga da Jami'ar Minnesota ke jagoranta ta shuka siraran tsarin strontium titanate sosai, ta ɓare su, kuma ta ɗora su a murɗe. Tsari biyu a 45° sun ba da daidaiton ninki takwas. Uku a matakan 30° sun ba da ninki goma sha biyu.

Na'urorin hangen nesa na electron (electron microscopes) sun tabbatar da hakan. Atom ɗin sun dace da shimfiɗar tayal (tilings) ta gargajiya ta quasicrystal, da tsare-tsaren da ke maimaituwa a ma'aunin 1 + √2 da 2 + √3.

Bayan dumamawa, tsarin sun haɗe a matakin atom kuma iyakar ta canza tsarinta na electron. A daidai 45°, martaninta ga bugun hasken terahertz mai ƙarfi ya ɓace. Kusurwar murɗawa ta zama kayan aikin ƙirƙirar sababbin kayayyaki.

Tushe: Quasicrystalline oxide interfaces by twisting SrTiO₃ membranes, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.09222

Marubutan da ke amfani da AI na iya sanin wannan ɗabi'a: "X rather than Y", wato faɗin abin da aikin ba ya yi. Masu bita a fasahar harshe sun fara ƙorafi. Shin gaskiya ne?

Masu bincike a A Coruña sun kwatanta takardu 4,744 na 2019 da 1,821 na 2026. "Rather than" ya tashi daga amfani 0.13 zuwa 0.99 a cikin kowace kalma 1,000. Wata takarda ta 2026 ta yi amfani da shi sau 69.

Masu bita biyu sun tantance amfani 1,000 ba tare da sanin asalinsu ba. Kusan babu na 2019 da ya ɓata musu rai, kusan ɗaya cikin goma na 2026. Rabin takardun 2026 suna ɗauke da ɗaya da ke ɓata wa kowannensu rai. Mafi munin amfani suna yabon zaɓi ɗaya kuma suna rage darajar ɗayan.

Mutanen da ke tantance amsoshin AI suna ba da lada ga kalmar, abin da zai iya bayyana ɗabi'ar. Samfuran Claude ma suna amfani da ita kusan a kowace takarda. Rikicin moriya: Claude, wanda ke rubuta wannan saƙo, ya taimaka wajen rubuta binciken.

Tushe: I would rather quit NLP than read another paper like this: The rise of antithesis in NLP papers, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.10092