Fitowar 26 Oktoba, 2026

A Colorado, an ɗaure wani laser a kan wani rami (cavity) na silicon mai tsawon cm 21 da aka sanyaya zuwa kelvin 6. Mitarsa tana jijjiga da kashi bakwai cikin biliyan na biliyan kawai, sabon tarihi.

Babban maƙiyi a nan shi ne zafi. Ƙwayoyin zarra a cikin shafen madubai suna girgiza kuma suna dushe hasken. Silicon mai sanyi fiye da haka da haske mai faɗi suna rage wannan hayaniya sau uku zuwa biyar.

Amma sanyi yana sa komai ya zama mai saurin jin girgiza. Don haka ramin yana kan ƙananan ƙwallayen ruby uku, a kan tebur da ke soke girgiza da kansa, yayin da guntaye na erbium ke santsantar da sauye-sauyen yanayin zafi.

Laser ɗin ya riga ya tuƙa wani agogon zarra na strontium, wanda yanzu ana iya binciken zarrorinsa sama da daƙiƙa 10 a lokaci guda. Marubutan suna tsammanin agogunan Boulder za su kai wani matakin daidaito da aka ƙayyade har sau goma da wuri.

Tushe: Laser with 7 × 10⁻¹⁸ frequency stability, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.30532

Ruwan teku yana ɗauke da wani mataimaki a ɓoye: chlorine. Wata ƙungiya a Shanghai ta nuna cewa zai iya mayar da zurfin teku tarko ga antineutrinos, ƙwayoyin halitta kamar fatalwa da taurari masu rushewa ke jefawa.

Idan antineutrino ya bugi ruwa, yana 'yanta neutron. Idan hydrogen ya kama shi, wannan neutron yana ba da walƙiya mara ƙarfi ta 2.2 MeV. Idan chlorine ya kama shi, fashewa ta kusan 8.6 MeV, kuma da wuri.

A kwaikwayon TRIDENT, na'urar hangen nesa ta km³ 10 da aka shirya a Tekun Kudancin China, wannan siginar biyu tana ninka nisan iya kaiwa. Ana iya gano tauraro da ke rushewa fiye da kiloparsec 100, idan aka kwatanta da 50 ba tare da ita ba.

An gwada ra'ayin a ƙarƙashin dutse mai kauri kilomita 2.4 a Jinping, China. A cikin ruwa mai gishiri, na'ura ɗaya ta ganowa ta kama neutrons da aka kama. Gishirin teku kansa yana yin aikin.

Tushe: Natural Chlorine Enhances Antineutrino Detection in the Deep Ocean, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.30754

Idan aka sake shi kilomita 8.1 daga gida, tattabara shi kaɗai yana tafiya karkace-karkace; a cikin rukuni, hanyar tana miƙewa. Masana kimiyyar lissafi a Indiya sun sake nazarin sawun GPS na garkuna na tsuntsaye 1, 2, 4 da 8.

Ƙuri'u daidai-wa-daida ba sa bayyana tashin, amma tsarin matsayi yana bayyanawa: wasu tsuntsaye sun fi rinjayar sauran. Kuma yayin da garken ke ƙara girma, wannan tsarin matsayi yana ƙara shimfiɗewa.

Lokacin tsuntsayen kansu ya yarda. Shugabanni suna juyawa da farko, kuma mabiya suna kwaikwaya cikin kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na daƙiƙa, kusa da lokacin martanin tattabara.

Dalilin da aka gabatar: tasiri ta hanya ɗaya yana da farashi na thermodynamics, wanda ake auna shi a matsayin samar da entropy. Idan kowane tsuntsu ya riƙe wannan farashi a tsaye, dole tsarin matsayi ya dushe yayin da rukunin ke girma. Hasashe ne da ya dace da bayanan, ba hujja ba tukuna.

Tushe: Entropy-production cost limits hierarchical decision-making in homing pigeon flocks, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31126

Wasan: ka ba kowace lamba daga 1 zuwa n launi. Doka: babu launi da zai ƙunshi x, y da x + y tare. Da launuka biyu, kana makalewa bayan 4; da biyar, bayan 160.

Da launuka shida, mafi tsawon jeri da aka sani ya tsaya a 536, tarihin da aka kafa a 2000. Masu bincike uku daga Jami'ar Toronto da NVIDIA yanzu sun kai 537.

Hujjarsu ita ce amsar kawai, an buga ta gaba ɗaya: jerin lissafi shida da ke rufe dukan lambobi 537. Kowa zai iya duba kowace jimla ta kwamfuta, kuma irin wannan launi ɗaya ya isa.

Wannan ƙarin lamba ɗaya yana yaɗuwa. Tarihi na launuka takwas, goma sha ɗaya da goma sha uku suma suna tashi, haka ma wata iyaka a kan launukan da babu triangle. Binciken kuma ya fito da mafita 131 daban-daban na launuka shida.

Tushe: A new lower bound for the sixth Schur number: S(6) ≥ 537, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31362

Fashewar radiyo masu sauri (fast radio bursts) walƙiya ce da ke ɗaukar 'yan milli-daƙiƙa (milliseconds), kuma suna isowa gare mu daga wasu galaxy masu nisa. A ranar 1 ga Yuni 2021, na'urar hangen nesa ta Kanada CHIME ta kama tara daga tushe ɗaya cikin daƙiƙa 106.5.

Kafin da bayan haka: shiru kwata-kwata. Kusan awanni 320 na lura a cikin shekaru bakwai, kuma ba ko fashewa ɗaya ƙari. Babu wani tushe mai maimaitawa da CHIME ta gani da ya taɓa yin irin wannan hali.

Duk da haka an ɗan hangi guguwar ne kawai. Tushen yana gefen filin ganin CHIME, inda na'urar ke ji ƙasa da kyau sosai. Da cikakken hankalinta, aƙalla fashewa 21 da sun bayyana.

Marubutan suna zargin akwai wani iyalin tushe a ɓoye da ke farkawa da wuya sosai, na 'yan mintuna kaɗan kawai. CHIME na iya samun tsakanin ɗaya zuwa sama da 200 daga cikinsu a iya kaiwarta.

Tushe: FRB 20210601A: Extreme Temporal Clustering in a Repeating Fast Radio Burst Source as Evidence for a Hidden Class of Episodic Repeaters, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31365

Ƙasashe suna tsaftace iskarsu, musamman a Asiya: ƙarancin ƙurar gurɓatawa (aerosols), ƙarancin iskar gas da ke samar da ozone. Abin da hakan ke yi wa iskoki a kan Tekun Pacific ya kasance abin muhawara har zuwa yanzu.

Wata ƙungiya a Scotland da Italiya ta kwatanta samfuran tsarin Duniya 12, tare da kuma ba tare da matakan kula da ingancin iska ba. Zuwa 2036–2054, iska mai tsafta tana ƙarfafa iskokin kasuwanci a cikin 11 daga cikinsu.

Hakan yana soke rabi zuwa kashi biyu cikin uku na raunin da ake hasashe idan babu ragin. Hanyar da ta fi yiwuwa ta ratsa Tekun Indiya, wanda ke ɗumama kaɗan fiye da Pacific.

El Niño kanta da ƙyar take motsawa, tana canzawa ƙasa da kashi ɗaya cikin goma na ƙarfinta. Amma yanayin da ke kewaye da ita yana sauyawa. Indiya, Gabashin Afirka da arewa maso gabashin Brazil za su ji zafin El Niño yana zuwa a kan tushe mai ɗumi.

Tushe: Cleaner air strengthens the Pacific trade winds without a detectable change in El Niño, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31236

A watan Satumba da Oktoba 2026, OpenAI ta fitar da takardu uku. Sun yi iƙirarin tabbatar da wasu yanayi na hasashen Hodge (Hodge conjecture), wata shahararriyar matsala a lissafi da ba a warware ba. Daga baya, OpenAI ta janye dukansu uku.

Masana lissafi biyu, da ke London da Edinburgh, yanzu sun feɗe kuskuren dalla-dalla. Dukan hujjoji ukun sun rushe a mataki ɗaya daidai. Sun aro wata ka'ida (theorem) ta 2013 da tsarin alama da ba daidai ba.

Waccan ka'idar daidai ce, amma a ɓoye tana amfani da akasin tsarin da aka saba. Idan aka karanta ta daidai, kullum tana barin wurin mahaɗa ɗaya mai taurin kai, kuma wannan wuri yana toshe dukan hujjar.

Ba komai ya ɓace ba. Marubutan suna ganin dabarar gaba ɗaya mai ban sha'awa ce kuma ta cancanci a ci gaba da ita. Kuma tsarin alama da ke ɓoye a cikin wata sananniyar takarda ta 2013 ya fito fili a ƙarshe.

Tushe: Rigidity, flexibility, and a sign error, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.30976

Ta yaya hankula biyu ke ƙirƙirar wani abu tare, a lokacin da ake ciki? Wata ƙungiya a Tokyo ta yi nazarin ma'auratan jazz ƙwararru shida da ke musayar solo a kan Autumn Leaves: solo 530, rubutattun sautuka (notes) 11,433 gaba ɗaya.

Wani samfuri da aka horar a kan solo na jazz 456 da aka rubuta ya auna yadda kowane sauti ɗaya ke ba da mamaki. A cikin waƙar (melody), kowane makaɗi yana riƙe da sa hannunsa na kansa. Solo ɗaya ya isa a gane wanda ke kaɗawa.

Kari (rhythm) yana aiki ta akasin haka. Abokan kaɗawa ba sa bambanta, kuma kiɗansu na bai ɗaya yana karkacewa a hankali yayin da waƙar ke ci gaba. Makaɗan da ke kaɗawa tare da gaske ne kawai ke raba shi.

A kowace miƙa ragama ana yin turi da janyewa. Idan wani makaɗi ya ba da mamaki fiye da yadda ya saba, solo na abokinsa da ke biye kai tsaye yana ba da mamaki ƙasa da haka. Dukan ma'auratan shida sun nuna wannan turi da janyewa.

Tushe: Music Between Two Minds: Individual Signatures, Shared States, and the Emergence of Creative Interaction, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31131

Wakilan AI (AI agents) suna ƙara magana da juna, ba tare da wani ɗan Adam a tsakani ba. Shin suna amincewa da ɗabi'u na bai ɗaya, kuma shin 'yan tayar da hankali kaɗan za su iya juya su? Wata ƙungiya a Copenhagen, London da Barcelona ta kwaikwayi irin waɗannan wakilai har 100,000.

Wasan mai sauƙi ne: wakilai biyu-biyu dole su faɗi kalma ɗaya, kamar "he" ko "she" (shi ko ita). An kwafi halayensu daga samfuran harshe huɗu, ciki har da GPT-4o da Llama. Babu wanda ya ce musu su yarda gaba ɗaya.

Wanda ke magana da wane yana da muhimmanci sosai. Hanyoyin sadarwa marasa cunkoso suna kaiwa ga yarjejeniya a hankali har ninki 12. Wani lokaci ma suna naɗa ɗayan kalmar.

Sai harin ya zo. Idan wakilai masu taurin kai suna kan cibiyoyin da suka fi haɗuwa, kusan kashi 3% sun isa su kifar da al'adar. Idan aka sanya su ba bisa tsari ba, ana buƙatar kashi 16%; a kan wakilan da ba su da haɗi sosai, kashi 35%.

Tushe: Network topology shapes consensus and vulnerability in LLM populations, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31165

Yarjejeniyoyin AI na nan gaba na iya buƙatar duba ko wata cibiyar bayanai (datacentre) tana horar da babban samfuri a ɓoye. Ba tare da amincewa da mai gudanar da ita ba. Masu bincike a Melbourne da Oxford sun ba da shawarar wata mita mai sauƙi a kan layin wuta.

Horarwa tana da bugun zuciya. Guntuwar kwamfuta (chips) suna lissafi da ƙarfi, sannan su tsaya don musanya sakamako, kusan sau ɗaya a kowane daƙiƙa. Wutar cibiyar bayanai tana jujjuyawa bisa wannan kiɗa.

Wani mai bin sawu da aka aro daga sonar da farautar raƙuman nauyi (gravitational waves) yana bin wannan bugu yayin da yake karkacewa. A kwaikwayo, yana kama aƙalla kashi 96% na gudanar da horarwa a cikin mintuna biyar, da mitar da ke karantawa sau biyu a kowane daƙiƙa.

Ɓoyewa mai yiwuwa ce, amma tana da tsada. Mafi kyawun dabara tana kauce wa ganowa a har kashi 73% na tagogin mintuna biyar. Amma a cikin yini ɗaya, ana kama kashi 87% na gudanarwa, kuma dabarar tana buƙatar ƙarin lissafi na kashi 93%.

Tushe: Detecting AI Training in Datacentre Power, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.30182

Quaoar duniya ce mai ƙanƙara mai zobe bayan Neptune, faɗinta kusan kilomita 1,100. Kullum muna ganinta daga kusan kusurwa ɗaya, don haka siffarta ta fuska uku (3D) ta yi wuyar tantancewa.

Wata ƙungiya a Brazil, Spain da Faransa ta haɗa wucewar Quaoar 37 a gaban taurari, daga 2011 zuwa 2025. Sun ƙara layukan haske da aka naɗa a 2003 da kuma ta na'urar hangen nesa ta sararin samaniya Hubble.

Hukunci: Quaoar a miƙe take ta hanyoyi uku, kusan kilomita 1,241 da 1,093 da 1,023. Juyawa ɗaya tana ɗaukar kusan awanni 17.7, kuma ba a buƙatar wani babban tabo a samanta don bayyana kyalkyalinta.

Ƙari: Quaoar tana ɗan girgiza, ƙaramin watanta Weywot yana jan ta gaba da baya. Wannan girgiza tana ba da nauyin Weywot: kusan biliyan biliyan 1.5 na kilogram, wato kusan kashi ɗaya cikin dubu na na Quaoar.

Tushe: Ellipsoidal Modeling Framework for TNOs: the triaxial shape of (50000) Quaoar and its implications for Weywot and the dynamical environment, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.30494