Fitowar 23 Oktoba, 2026

Lokacin da sararin duniya (universe) ke da shekaru miliyan 470, wani baƙar rami ya riga ya fara ci a cikin wata galaxy mara haske sosai. Masana falaki sun same shi a cikin bakan haske (spectra) na jama'a na na'urar hangen nesa ta sararin samaniya ta James Webb.

Alamar da ta tona shi: layin hydrogen da iskar gas da ke juyawa da gudun dubban kilomita a daƙiƙa ta faɗaɗa. Yana nan ɗan wuce iyakar sarrafa bayanai na yau da kullum na Webb, a mikromita 5.35.

Daga wannan faɗin, ƙungiyar ta auna baƙar ramin: kusan Rana miliyan 36. A ƙarƙashin wani zato, miliyan 2. Dukansu manya ne ƙwarai ga sararin duniya mai ƙuruciya haka.

Don ya girma da sauri haka daga ragowar tauraro ɗaya, da ya haɗiye abu da sauri fiye da iyakar da aka saba. Ko kuma ya fara ne da girma. Shi ne baƙar rami mafi nisa da aka auna ta wannan hanya.

Tushe: Discovery of a Broad-Line Active Galactic Nucleus at z = 9.98, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.28735

Kowane agogo yana riƙe da ion guda ɗaya na ytterbium a cikin tarko. Ɗaya yana Teddington, a Birtaniya, ɗayan kuma a Braunschweig, a Jamus. Ƙungiyoyi biyu ne suka gina su ba tare da dogara da juna ba.

Cikin ƙasa da makonni huɗu a 2025, wayar haske mai tsawon km 2,220 da ta ratsa Faransa ta kwatanta bugunsu, da kwanaki 12.6 na bayanai masu amfani. Sakamako: bambanci na 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁸, tare da rashin tabbas na 4.8 × 10⁻¹⁸. Wato, sun yi daidai.

A cewar marubutan, wannan shi ne kwatance na farko tsakanin ƙasashe biyu da ya gaza 5 × 10⁻¹⁸. Dole ne a cimma wannan buri kafin a iya sake fayyace daƙiƙa da agogo irin waɗannan.

Babban shakku ba daga agogunan ba ne. Daga nauyi (gravity) ne: shakku kan gyaran da ake yi saboda wurin kowane wuri a filin nauyin Duniya, wanda ya kai kusan cm 3 na tsayi. Bayanai iri ɗaya sun kuma tsaurara wani gwaji ɗaya na ka'idar relativity — ko saurin haske ya dogara da alƙibla — kusan ninki biyar.

Tushe: International atomic clock comparison achieving 5×10⁻¹⁸ uncertainty, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.29980

Warware wasa yana nufin sanin wanda zai ci idan aka yi wasa ba tare da kuskure ba. An warware ƙananan allunan go tun da daɗewa, amma a ƙarƙashin wata sauƙaƙƙiyar doka game da matsayin da aka maimaita.

Dokar da 'yan wasa na gaske ke amfani da ita, superko, tana hana sake ƙirƙirar kowane allo na baya. Tana sa warwarewa ta yi tsanani: halaccin motsi ya dogara da dukan tarihin wasan.

Masu bincike biyu a Berlin sun gina Sanko, mai warwarewa da ke kiyaye gajerun hanyoyinsa da gaskiya a ƙarƙashin superko. Yana tabbatar da go na 5×5 cikin mintuna 16 a kan zaren aiki (threads) shida. Mafi kyau na baya ya ɗauki awa 5 da minti 15.

Sun warware ƙarin alluna 23, 11 daga cikinsu ba a taɓa warware su a ƙarƙashin kowace doka ba. Kuma wata amsa ta canza: 4×7, nasara a dukan allo a ƙarƙashin tsohuwar doka, tana da maki 12 kawai. Sun gano daidai motsin da layin nasara da aka wallafa ke karyewa.

Tushe: Solving Go under Positional Superko: Sound Proof Transfer and New Board Values, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.29414

Babbar na'urar hangen nesa ta rediyo ta China, FAST, ta gano pulsar da ke juyawa sau 21 a daƙiƙa. Ba shi kaɗai ba ne: wani tauraron neutron, mai kusan nauyi iri ɗaya, yana kewayawa tare da shi.

Kewayawarsu tana ɗaukar kwanaki 79 kuma ta miƙe ƙwarai: eccentricity 0.992, tarihi ga kowane taurari biyu. Mafi yawan lokaci suna nesa da juna. Sannan, cikin mintuna 46 kawai, suna kewaye juna da gudun km 1,140 a daƙiƙa.

A lokacin wucewar 2025, siginar pulsar ta ɓace na daƙiƙa 85 a bayan yanayin maganadisu da ke kewaye da abokinsa. Muna ganin hanyar kewayawar kusan daga gefe.

Irin wannan siffa tana buƙatar wani shuri mai ƙarfi lokacin da tauraro na biyu ya fashe a matsayin supernova. Kwaikwayo suna ba irin waɗannan tsaruka damar ƙasa da 1 cikin 200. Ko dai mun yi sa'a, ko kuma ka'idar tana buƙatar gyara. Za su haɗe cikin shekaru biliyan 2.5.

Tushe: PSR J0653+0443: An Eclipsing Millisecond Pulsar in an Extremely Eccentric Double Neutron Star System, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.29838

Ɗigo nawa ne kaɗan ke isa su hana layi mai lanƙwasa? Hasashen Nagata, daga 1959, yana ƙayyade iyakar ga layukan da aka tilasta su ratsa ɗigo 10 ko fiye, sau da yawa.

A watan Satumba, OpenAI ta fitar da wani rubutu, wanda samfurin AI ɗinta ya rubuta, mai da'awar cewa ya warware shi. Jenia Tevelev, masanin lissafi a UMass Amherst, ya yi nazarinta kuma ya wallafa jagora ga waɗanda ba ƙwararru ba. Hukunci: "tana da sauƙi abin mamaki".

Dabarar: barin layin cubic mai santsi ya matse ya zama madauki. Sai tambaya mai wuya ta ragu zuwa cike ƙimomi a kan alwatika na ɗigo-ɗigo, wanda yake da sauƙi.

Tevelev yana kuma tunani kan kasancewa "mai karatu na farko ɗan Adam" na rubuce-rubucen. Bayanan suna kiran su babbar nasara mai ban mamaki, amma suna gargaɗin cewa nauyin duba irin wannan aiki yana faɗa kan masana lissafi, da ƙaramin yabo. Suna ba da shawarar asusu da kamfanonin AI za su biya.

Tushe: On OpenAI's proof of the Nagata conjecture, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.30050

Fale-falen kan rufi suna samar da wuta da tsakar rana. Motocin lantarki suna caji da yamma. Me zai faru idan motocin da aka ajiye suka adana rarar tsakar rana suka mayar wa gidan da dare?

Masu bincike sun kwafi birni ɗaya mai girman Kyoto zuwa wurare 5,000 a duniya, suna canza yanayi kawai. Hasken rana na kan rufi tare da baturan motoci sun samar da kashi 22% zuwa 84% na wutar gine-gine da tuƙi. Ƙara motocin ya ɗaga matsakaicin tsakiya (median) da maki 21.

Alƙahira da Mexico City suna zama kusa da kashi 80% duk shekara: buƙatar na'urar sanyaya iska tana kaiwa ƙololuwa daidai lokacin da rana ke haskakawa. A Novosibirsk, lokacin sanyi yana faɗuwa zuwa kashi 20 zuwa 30%.

Taswirorin hasken rana suna ɓatarwa. Daga cikin manyan birane 1,000 na duniya, 219 ana raina su sosai idan aka duba albarkatun hasken rana kaɗai. Galibinsu suna yankunan Asiya, Afirka da Kudancin Amurka masu saurin girma.

Tushe: Climate-Driven Supply-Demand Matching Reshapes Global SolarEV Decarbonization Potential, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.29344

Bayan wasu tiyatar kai, rami yana rage a cikin kwanya. Ƙwararru suna zana kayan dasawa na musamman da hannu a kwamfuta, wanda ke da jinkiri da tsada. Shin samfuran AI da aka riga aka shirya za su iya yin wannan?

Wata ƙungiyar Poland ta gwada samfuran kammala siffar 3D guda uku na jama'a, biyu daga cikinsu "samfuran tushe" (foundation models), a kan kwanyoyi 239. Ma'aunin mai sauƙi ne: ya fi rashin yin komai, kuma kada ya yanke cikin ƙashin da ya rage.

Babu ɗayansu da ya fi rashin yin komai a kan ramuka 210 na wucin gadi. A kan lamura 29 na gaske, ɗaya ya fi. Amma sakamakon da za a iya dasawa: sifili cikin 239, ga dukansu uku. Samfurin da aka horar don wannan aiki daidai ya cimma 238.

Tarkon shi ne sakamakon yana da gamsarwa a gani. Wanda ya fi kama da kwanya bai fi sauƙin sakawa ba. Hukuncin marubutan: kamar yadda aka fitar da su, waɗannan samfuran ba za a iya amfani da su a asibiti ba.

Tushe: Plausible but Unimplantable: A Trustworthiness Audit of Shape Completion Foundation Models for Cranial Defect Reconstruction, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.30035

Don duba tsabar azurfa, za ka iya ƙwanƙwasa ta ka saurara. Manhajoji suna kwatanta ƙarar da ɗakin karatun tsabobin da aka sani, wanda ke aiki ne kawai ga tsabobin da aka riga aka lissafa.

Sylvia Dong, ɗalibar sakandare, da Takyiu Liu, na West Valley College a California, sun yi abin da ya fi haka. Daga ƙarar, girman tsabar da yawan sararinta (volume), suna lissafa wani tabbataccen ma'auni na ƙarfen kansa: saurin da raƙuman motsi ke ratsa shi.

Dabarar ga tsabobin da aka yi wa zane mai tudu: auna su a cikin ruwa don samun ainihin yawan sararinsu. Tsabobin jan ƙarfe (copper) shida sun ba da ƙarfin tauri na GPa 119, daidai a cikin iyakar da aka yarda da ita ga jan ƙarfe.

Na jabu na iya kwaikwayon yawa (density), amma ba tauri ba. Zinariya da tungsten kusan nauyinsu ɗaya a kowace lita, amma raƙuman motsi suna ratsa su da gudun da ya bambanta da ninki 2.1. Tungsten kansa ya yi shiru a gwaje-gwajensu, don haka wannan dubawar har yanzu hasashe ce.

Tushe: An Absolute Acoustic Readout of Plate Wave Speed for Bullion Authentication, Using a Measured Fill-Factor Correction for Struck Coins, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.29194

Wasu bunƙasar algae suna haifar wa mutanen bakin teku matsalolin numfashi. A watan Yuli 2025, a bakunan tekun Saint-Jean-de-Luz a Faransa, masu bincike sun kama ƙwayoyin halitta cikakku na algae mai guba Ostreopsis a cikin iska.

Ta yaya suke tashi? Idan kumfa ta fashe a saman teku, ƙaramin jet yana harbawa sama ya tarwatse zuwa ɗigo-ɗigo. A cikin ruwa mai sirara, ɗigon farko yana ɗauke da ƙaramar algar da aka yi amfani da ita a matsayin samfuri kusan ninki goma fiye da ruwan da ke kewaye da shi.

Fina-finai masu sauri suna nuna dalili: ƙwayoyin halitta da ke cikin jet suna hawa da sauri fiye da ƙarshensa kuma suna taruwa a ɗigon farko. Babu buƙatar wata dabarar saman ruwa. Wata doka mai sauƙi tana hasashen hakan ba tare da wani ma'auni da aka daidaita ba.

A cikin ruwa mai cunkoso, algae suna yin kamar sun ninka girmansu kusan sau goma kuma suna cika ɗigon ƙasa da haka. Ƙananan robobi (microplastics) ba sa yin haka. Ta haka feshin teku na iya ba wa guba wata hanya ta biyu ta shiga iska.

Tushe: Hydrodynamics of microalgae in sea spray, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.29719

Malami yana cin abin da wasu suka farauto kuma ba ya ƙara haihuwa. To me ya sa juyin halitta zai fifita wani zamani na rayuwa da ake kashewa wajen koyarwa, musamman koyar da 'ya'yan wasu iyalai?

Masu bincike biyu sun gina samfurin lissafi. Mutane suna farauta kuma suna haihuwa, sannan suna "yin ritaya" don horar da matasan mafarauta. Ana raba abinci ga kowa, har da malamai.

Sakamako: koyarwa na iya samuwa ba tare da wata zumunta ba, amma sai sama da wani muhimmin girman ƙungiya. Mutum ɗaya da ya yi ritaya da wuri ba ya samun komai: babu wani irinsa da zai koyar. Galibi, dole dukan ƙungiya ta sauya ƙa'idojinta tare, kuma haka al'ada ke canzawa, ba ƙwayoyin gado ba.

Juyin halitta kuma yana da halin samar da malamai ƙasa da adadin da zai fi ciyar da ƙungiyar. A wasu yanayi, dattijan da suka daɗe da rai, waɗanda wasu ke kula da su, suna cike wannan giɓi.

Tushe: When to retire: the cultural evolution of post-reproductive oblique teaching, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.30135