Fitowar 22 Oktoba, 2026

Wasu taurari masu fashewa suna ƙara haske a hankali, a cikin kusan kwana 100. Abin kwatancensu shi ne supernova 1987A. A 2023, binciken sararin sama sun kama mafi tsanani da aka taɓa gani: SN 2023iop.

Ta ɗauki aƙalla kwana 88 kafin ta kai ƙololuwa. Ta haskaka kusan magnitude huɗu fiye da 1987A kuma ta fitar da aƙalla erg 4 × 10⁵⁰. Fashewa ta yau da kullum da neutrinos ke tuƙawa ba za ta iya samar da wannan ba.

Wani layi ɗaya a cikin haskenta na ƙarshe watakila ya fito daga nickel mai tsayayye, kusan nauyin rana 0.02. Samfuran "pair-instability" mafi nauyi kaɗai ke samar da haka: wani tauraro mai nauyin kusan rana 190 da wata fashewar thermonuclear ta lalata.

Marubutan suna kiransa yanayi mafi dacewa. Amma ya dogara ne a kan layin spectrum ɗaya, kuma babu samfurin da ke bayyana ƙarin haske bayan rana ta 150. Na'urar hangen nesa ta James Webb za ta sake dubawa.

Tushe: SN 2023iop: An Extreme 1987A-like Supernova and the Death of Very Massive Stars, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.27312

Duniya mai kama da tamu tana jan tauraronta gaba da baya da santimita 8.9 kawai a cikin daƙiƙa. Masu farautar duniyoyi na yau suna kaiwa ga haka ne kawai da manyan spectrographs da ke haɗa matsakaicin dubban layukan spectrum.

Wata ƙungiya a Colorado ta aro dabarar agogon optical. Wani laser yana kulle kansa a tsakiyar layin ƙarfe ɗaya a cikin hasken rana, a nanometre 1,565. Wani frequency comb yana ƙidaya mitarsa idan aka kwatanta da daƙiƙa na hukuma.

A cikin daƙiƙa ɗaya, suna gano layin zuwa mita 4.7 a cikin daƙiƙa. Bayan 'yan dubban daƙiƙoƙi, kusan santimita 30 a cikin daƙiƙa: kashi ɗaya cikin biliyan. Wannan yana bin kusa da iyakar quantum da photons suka tsara.

Na'urar har ma ta kama kaɗawar Rana ta mintuna biyar da kusufin Afrilu 2024. Abin da ake nema na gaba: taurari masu kama da Rana da ke kusa, da na'urar hangen nesa mai faɗin mita 30.

Tushe: A Solar Optical Clock, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.28485

Wani ƙaƙƙarfan raƙumin ultrasound zai iya riƙe ƙananan abubuwa suna shawagi a sararin sama. Amma sau da yawa suna fara juyawa da kansu, kuma babu wanda zai iya hasashen ta wace hanya.

A Austria, masana kimiyyar lissafi sun buga ƙananan taurari da na'urar 3D, faɗinsu milimita ɗaya. Siffofi madaidaita ba sa taɓa juyawa a cikin fili da aka daidaita da kyau. Taurari masu hannuwa masu lanƙwasa suna juyawa nan take, a alƙiblar lanƙwasar.

Sannan wani abin mamaki. Hannuwa uku ko biyar: ƙarin ƙarar sauti, ƙarin saurin juyawa. Hannuwa goma: tauraron ya kai ƙololuwa kusan volt 7–8, ya rage gudu, ya tsaya, sannan ya juya baya. Hannuwa goma sha biyu suna juya baya kusan volt 10.

Wani samfuri mai sauƙi mai kashi biyu yana bayyana kowace siffa. Har ma ya ba ƙungiyar damar ƙirƙirar tauraro mai gauraye da ke canza alƙibla a volt da aka yi hasashe. Inda ƙarfin juyawa baya ke fitowa har yanzu tambaya ce a buɗe.

Tushe: Programmable nonlinear rotation of acoustically levitated chiral stars, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.27927

Ka yi tunanin ƙwallo marar gogayya yana ta tunkuɗewa har abada a kan teburi, kamar haske tsakanin madubai. Shin zai ƙare ya ziyarci kowane wuri, a kowace alƙibla? Masana lissafi suna kiran hakan "ergodic".

Teburin "lemo" shi ne inda faifai biyu suka haɗu: ƙaramin faifai da aka yanke gefe ɗaya da bakan wani babban da'ira. A 2013, masu bincike huɗu sun yi hasashen cewa yana da ergodic idan radius biyun sun bambanta sosai.

Wentao Fan da Boris Hasselblatt yanzu sun tabbatar da shi, a shafuka 58. Shi ne, gwargwadon saninsu, billiard na farko mai ergodic wanda gefensa ke kumbura zuwa waje a ko'ina. Dole babban da'irar ya kasance babba ƙwarai: aƙalla ninki 300,000 na ƙaramin ga yankan mafi faɗi da aka yarda da shi, kuma fiye da haka idan yankan ya ƙanƙanta.

Tambayarsu ta gaba: shin irin wannan teburi yana iya kasancewa ba tare da wani kusurwa ko ɗaya ba? Sun lura: "Ba a yi amfani da AI ba."

Tushe: Strictly convex ergodic billiards, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.28247

A 2024, babbar gasar baseball ta Koriya ta zama babbar gasa ta farko da ta bar na'ura ta yanke kowane hukuncin ball da strike. Yankin akwati ne da aka daidaita da tsayin kowane mai bugawa da aka yi rajista.

Masana tattalin arziki biyu na Koriya sun yi nazarin jifa sama da miliyan ɗaya daga 2021 zuwa 2026. Alƙalai 'yan Adam suna da ɗabi'u: yanki mai faɗi idan mai bugawa yana gaba a ƙidaya, mai ƙunci idan akwai strike biyu, ɗan tausayi ga taurari.

Na'urar ta share su duka, har da fasahar masu kamawa da ke "tsara" (framing) jifa su zama strike. Ta kuma ɗaga saman yankin ga dogayen masu bugawa: ƙarin maki 0.75 na strike na sama a kowace santimita.

Duk da haka jifa kaɗan ne ke faɗawa a waɗannan gefuna: a mafi yawa ƙarin strike ɗaya a duk zuwa 23 zuwa plate. Masu jifa sun yi saurin yin niyya sama. Masu bugawa ba su canza komai ba. Siffar doka ce ke yanke wanda zai yi nasara.

Tushe: Who Gains When the Umpire Is a Machine? Evidence from the Automated Ball-Strike System (ABS), https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.27576

Wani injin haƙa ya yanke bututu ɗaya da aka binne. Wani kamfani ya rasa babbar hanyar intanet ɗinsa da ta ajiya, wadda ya saya daga wani kamfani daban. Duka wayoyin fiber biyu suna ratsa bututu ɗaya.

Masu bincike biyu suna kiran wannan "juriya ta ruɗi" (illusory resilience). Hanyoyin da ba su raba kowace hanyar sadarwa a takarda ba na iya raba gini, rami ko bakin teku. Sun auna shi da bayanan jama'a kawai.

A cikin manyan kamfanonin sadarwa 47, masu samar da sabis a yanki ɗaya suna raba wuraren haɗuwa da yawa fiye da sauran. Harabar gini ɗaya a Marseille tana ɗauke da nau'i-nau'i 153 na kamfanoni daga samfurinsu.

Wayoyin ƙarƙashin teku sun fi muni. A cikin biyu daga hanyoyi goma sha biyu tsakanin nahiyoyi, kowane nau'in wayoyi biyu suna sauka a cikin kilomita 25 da juna. Wannan ƙa'ida mai sauƙi tana nuna goma daga cikin nau'i-nau'i goma sha ɗaya na wayoyi da suka lalace tare a 2024.

Tushe: Disjoint in Name Only: Illusory Resilience in the Internet, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.27125

Wayoyin belun kunne, bututun lambu, igiyoyin waya: duk wani abu mai tsawo da lanƙwasawa yana ƙarewa a cikin cakuɗe. Amma yawancin zaren halitta suna da lanƙwasa ko a lokacin hutu. Shin hakan yana taimakawa ko yana cutarwa?

A EPFL a Lausanne, masana kimiyyar lissafi sun zuba sandunan silicone, madaidaita ko masu murɗa, tsawonsu daga mita 0.6 zuwa 4.5. Sun juya kowacce na mintuna 20 a cikin ƙaramin silinda, sau 15 ga kowane yanayi.

Sanduna madaidaita sun ƙara ƙulli yayin da suke ƙara tsawo, koyaushe bayan mita 3.5. Sanduna masu lanƙwasa sun rage ƙulli har kashi 73%. Ga sandunan mita 0.6 da 1.2, ƙulli sun ɓace gaba ɗaya sama da wani muhimmin matakin lanƙwasa.

Makalewa wani labari ne daban. Yiwuwar sanda ta kulle idan aka ja ta ya dogara da tsawonta, ba lanƙwasarta ba. Iri biyu na cakuɗewa, musabbabi biyu daban.

Tushe: Intrinsic Curvature Controls Spontaneous Entanglement of Elastic Rods, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.27342

Sinanci, Turanci da Faransanci suna raba kalmomi kaɗan da ɗan nahawu kaɗan. Duk da haka za su iya ba da labari ɗaya. Ta yaya ƙwaƙwalwa ke riƙe wannan ma'ana ta tarayya?

Wata ƙungiya a Shenzhen da Hong Kong ta sake nazarin hotunan ƙwaƙwalwar mutane 227. Da yawa sun saurari The Little Prince, kowanne a ɗaya daga cikin harsunan uku. Na'urar fassararsu tana mayar da aikin ƙwaƙwalwa zuwa rubutu.

Tsarin aiki ya bambanta, amma siffar ma'ana (geometry) ta yi daidai: ra'ayoyin da ke kusa a wani harshe suna kusa a sauran. Wannan daidaito yana ƙaruwa daga yankunan ji zuwa manyan yankunan ƙwaƙwalwa.

Na'urar fassara da aka horar a kan harshe ɗaya ta fi sa'a a kan wani da ba ta taɓa gani ba. Idan rikodin harshe kaɗan ne, aro daga sauran ya taimaka. Hakan zai iya zama muhimmi ga harsunan da ke da ƙarancin bayanan ƙwaƙwalwa.

Tushe: Multilingual Brain Decoding Reveals Shared Cortical Semantic Geometry, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.26927

Sauyin yanayi yana haɗa abubuwa biyu: turawar iskar gas masu ɗumama duniya da ƙurar iska (aerosols), da kuma sauye-sauyen dabi'a na yanayin kansa. Duniya ɗaya kawai muke da ita, don haka yana da wuya a raba su.

Masu bincike a Amurka sun horar da wata hanyar sadarwar jijiyoyi ta wucin gadi a kan ɗaruruwan kwaikwayo daga samfuran yanayi 15. A kan samfuran da ba ta taɓa gani ba, ta fi wasu hanyoyi shida wajen ware ɓangaren da ɗan Adam ya haifar.

Da aka yi amfani da ita a kan bayanan gaske: ɓangaren ɗumamar Arctic da ɗan adam ya haifar yana kusan sau uku na saurin duniya. Sauye-sauyen dabi'a ne suka kai shi zuwa sau huɗun da aka gani. Tun 1980, jinkirin gabashin Pacific a bayan yamma da bushewar kudu maso yammacin Amurka, galibi na dabi'a ne su ma.

Kwatancen yana nuna wa samfuran ma yatsa. Suna ɗumama Arewacin Duniya da yawa kuma suna bushe ƙasa kaɗan, in ji marubutan.

Tushe: Disentangling forced and internal components in observed climate evolution using spatiotemporal deep learning, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.28219

Cire ciwon daji (tumour) na harshe yana nufin yanka milimita 5 a kewayensa, da wuƙar wutar lantarki da ke ɗumama nama. Idan an yi a hankali sosai, zafin yana ƙona ƙwayoyin halitta masu lafiya. Idan an yi da sauri sosai, nama yana makalewa kuma yankan yana kaucewa.

Mutum-mutumi masu aiki da kansu galibi suna yanka da gudu ɗaya tak. A Johns Hopkins, injiniyoyi sun ɗora kyamarar zafi a kan mutum-mutuminsu. Tana auna yankin da ya ɗumama nan take kuma tana daidaita gudunta yadda ya kamata.

A kan harsunan alade, mutum-mutumin mai daidaitawa ya yaɗa lalacewar zafi kusan rabin nisan na gudu ɗaya tak a hankali. Kuskurensa na iyaka ya yi ƙasa sosai da na gudu ɗaya tak da sauri. Ya yanka a daƙiƙa 22, idan aka kwatanta da 52 a gudun a hankali.

Wani ƙwararre da bai san wace hanya aka yi amfani da ita ba ya ba yankansa maki 4 cikin 5, amma ya ga gefunan suna da kaifin haƙora. Wannan matacciyar nama ce a zafin ɗaki: marasa lafiya masu rai har yanzu suna nesa.

Tushe: Velocity Optimization via Thermal Imaging Enhances Autonomous Tumor Resection, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.27562

Duniya da ke girma tana lulluɓe da tekun magma. Ɗigon ƙarfe sun yi ruwan sama ta cikinsa don su samar da tsakiyar duniya, suna ɗauke da iskar gas da suka narke tare da su.

Masana ilimin taurari biyu a Copenhagen da Lund sun kwaikwayi wannan ruwan sama don hanyoyi biyu na gina duniya: daga ƙananan tsakuwoyi, waɗanda ke kawo sinadaransu masu saurin tashi (volatiles) da wuri, ko daga manyan jikkuna da ke ci gaba da kawo su.

Lokaci yana da muhimmanci. Idan isarwa ta zo da wuri, kusan kashi 70% na hydrogen da carbon suna ƙarewa a tsakiyar duniya, idan aka kwatanta da rabi a mafi yawa a ɗayan hanyar. Nitrogen, wanda ke zama a cikin iska, galibi yana tsira.

Abin da ya rage shi ne sararin farko mai matsi mai murƙushewa: kusan bar 760, galibi carbon monoxide, da hydrogen da ɗan nitrogen. Bayanan dakin gwaji da ba su tabbata ba har yanzu suna hana yanke hukunci tsakanin hanyoyin biyu.

Tushe: When the core ate the atmosphere, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.27788