Fitowar 27 Oktoba, 2026

Betelgeuse, babban tauraro ja (red giant) da ke kafaɗar Orion, mai yiwuwa tana da ƙaramin tauraro abokin tafiya. Ƙarfin janyewa (tides) yana rage kewayarsa a hankali. Nan da 'yan shekaru dubbai, ya kamata Betelgeuse ta haɗiye shi.

Wata ƙungiya a California, New York da Massachusetts ta kwaikwayi wannan faɗawa ta ƙarshe. Abokin tafiyar yana karkacewa zuwa can ciki kuma yana tarwatsewa kusa da tsakiya (core). Sai wata igiyar girgiza (shock wave) ta ɗauki kusan kwanaki 28 kafin ta kai saman tauraron.

Lokacin da girgizar ta fashe waje, walƙiyar za ta kai ƙoli da ya fi Venus haske sau da dama. Lokacinta mafi haske yana ɗaukar kusan kwanaki biyu. Abokan tafiya masu nauyi suna ba da walƙiya mafi haske.

Haɗewar kuma za ta hura iskar gas mai nauyin Rana sau 6 zuwa 11. Ranar ba ta da tabbas sosai: kusan shekaru 4,000 zuwa 7,000 daga yanzu. Ƙura da ke kewaye da tauraron za ta iya sa wasan ya yi ja kuma ya dusashe.

Tushe: From Inspiral to Outburst: Modeling a Potential Luminous Red Nova from Betelgeuse, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31755

Yawancin sababbin motoci a Amurka za su iya taimakawa wajen tuƙa kansu tsakanin layukan hanya. Wata alama a kan allon gaban direba tana gaya maka ko kyamarar tana ganin waɗannan layukan. Amma za ka iya amincewa da wannan alamar?

Masu bincike a Pennsylvania da New York sun yi nazarin daƙiƙa 39,800 na tuƙi na gaske. Sun shafi samfuran mota 13 daga kamfanonin ƙera mota uku. An zaɓi dukan gutsuttsuran bidiyon ne a inda riƙe layi ke da wahala.

A kan layukan da ke da wuyar gani, alamar ta faɗi haka ne kawai a kashi 47% na lokuta. A rabin waɗannan sassa masu wahala, ba ta yi gargaɗi kwata-kwata ba. Lokacin da ta yi gargaɗi, ta yi shi nan take.

Mafi munin yanayi: direba yana sanya ɗan ƙarfi kaɗan a kan sitiyari, yana barin tuƙin ga tsarin, alhali alamar tana cewa komai lafiya. Hakan ya faru daƙiƙa 48 a kowace awa na wannan tuƙi mai wahala. A lokacin motar ta fi yawo a cikin layinta: kusan cm 12 idan aka kwatanta da cm 4.

Tushe: Silence Is Not Assurance: When Production Lane Keeping Assist Does Not Warn, and What It Costs, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31899

A kan Wata, dare yana ɗaukar kusan awa 354. Ƙasa tana yin sanyi har zuwa kusan kelvin 95, wato kusan −178 °C. Babu isasshen plutonium da za a ba kowane ƙaramin mutum-mutumi na'urar ɗumamawa.

To ko mutum-mutumi za su iya ɗumama juna? Masu bincike a ESA da MIT sun kwaikwayi guda ashirin. Ladansu kawai ya zo ne a wayewar gari: yaya ɗumin guda biyar mafi sanyi ya kasance.

Babu wanda ya ce musu su taru. Duk da haka sun taru, sannan suka ci gaba da musayar wurare tsakanin tsakiya mai kariya da gefe a buɗe. Penguins na sarki suna tsira daga lokacin sanyin Antarctica da waɗannan halaye biyu.

Sakamako: kowane mutum-mutumi yana tsira da makamashin da aka adana da ya ragu da kashi 37% idan aka kwatanta da cunkoso marar motsi. Wannan yana cikin kashi 13% na iyakar da ilimin physics ya ƙayyade. Abin da har yanzu ba a gwada ba: ainihin ƙafafu suna niƙa ƙasar wata tsawon dare guda.

Tushe: Emergent Cooperative Thermoregulation in Lunar Swarm Robotics, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31868

Kamfanoni suna son sanya cibiyoyin bayanai (data centres), wato manyan tarin kwamfutoci, a kewayar Duniya. Shirye-shiryensu gaba ɗaya sun haura taurarin ɗan Adam miliyan ɗaya nesa ba kusa ba. Kowanne zai buƙaci manyan fanalan hasken rana da na'urorin fitar da zafi (radiators).

Masana falaki na Amurka sun kwaikwayi shekara guda ta Vera C. Rubin Observatory a ƙarƙashin wannan garken. A wasu dare, har kashi 80% na hotunanta suna kama zaren haske da Rana ke haskakawa. A cikin shekarar gaba ɗaya, kusan ɗaya cikin biyar.

Lokacin magariba da asuba shi ne mafi muni, wato jim kaɗan bayan faɗuwar rana da kafin wayewar gari. A daren da babu wata, taurarin ɗan Adam suna haskaka sararin sama. A cikin uku daga cikin matatun launi shida na Rubin, hasken yana ƙaruwa da fiye da kashi 1,000%.

Harba kashi ɗaya cikin goma kawai ba ya magance matsalar. Hotunan magariba da asuba za su ci gaba da rasa kashi 2.3% na pixels ɗinsu, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 6.9% idan dukansu suna sama. Walƙiya guda ɗaya mai haske za ta iya mamaye hoto gaba ɗaya.

Tushe: The Impact of Orbital Data Centers on the NSF-DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31772

A cikin gizagizai masu sanyi tsakanin taurari, molecules na ruwa masu caji, H2O+, mataki ne zuwa ga samuwar ruwa. Wasu suna haɗuwa da HD, molecule na hydrogen mai ɗauke da atom ɗaya na deuterium mai nauyi. Wane atom suke sacewa, H ko D?

A Basel, masana kimiyyar sinadarai sun sanyaya ion na ruwa zuwa 'yan kashi dubu na digiri sama da cikakken sanyi (absolute zero). Sai iskar HD, da aka sanyaya a kan bango masu kelvin 5.4, ta buge shi. Kowane bugu yana ɗauke da kuzarin iskar gas mai kusan kelvin 7.

Martani yana canza nauyin ion ɗin, abin da ke bayyana a yadda ma'auratan ion ke girgiza. A cikin martani 441 a kwanaki 16, hydrogen ta yi nasara sau 271, deuterium sau 170. Bayan gyara ga ɗan ƙazanta, wannan shi ne 1.50 zuwa 1, ƙari ko ragi 0.15.

Kwaikwayo (simulations) sun yi hasashen fifiko mafi rauni, 1.15. Bambancin zai iya fitowa daga tasirin quantum da aka bari, ko daga bangon masu sanyi. Idan hydrogen ta yau da kullum da ta kai ga ion ɗin ta fi yadda aka ɗauka, 1.50 zai iya yin yawa.

Tushe: Single-molecule cold chemistry: Isotopic branching ratios of the H2O+ + HD reaction at cryogenic temperatures, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.32904

Zaɓi wasu ƙimomin tsabar kuɗi da babu wani abin raba (factor) da ke tsakanin su duka. Wasu adadi ba za a taɓa biyan su daidai ba. Mafi girma daga cikinsu ana kiransa lambar Frobenius (Frobenius number).

Da ƙimomin tsabar kuɗi biyu, wata dabara mai sauƙi tana ba da ita. Da uku ko fiye, masana lissafi suna neman iyakoki na sama. Na gargajiya, na Erdős da Graham, yana ɗauke da ƙarin ninki na 2.

Masu bincike huɗu daga kwalejin kimiyyar kwamfuta ta Zhejiang University sun cire wannan ninki. Iyakarsu ta dogara da tsabar kuɗi biyu mafiya girma da kuma yawan ƙimomin tsabar kuɗi. Za ta iya doke ta Dixmier sosai, ɗayan iyakar gargajiya, idan ta biyu mafi girma ƙarama ce a kwatanta.

Gwada tsabar kuɗi na 3, 4 da 6: 1, 2 da 5 kawai ne ba za a iya biya ba. Sabuwar iyakar ta ce daidai 5, tsofaffin kuma 10 da 18. Wannan ɗaya ne daga cikin misalai marasa iyaka na ƙarshen gaɓa da ke tabbatar da cewa ba za a iya rage iyakar ba.

Tushe: A Sharp Upper Bound for the Frobenius Number, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.32219

Wata na'urar hangen nesa ta sararin samaniya mai suna Fermi tana ganin ƙarin hasken gamma daga tsakiyar damin taurarinmu. Kusan shekaru ashirin, babu wanda ya yarda kan dalilin. Ɓoyayyen abu (dark matter) ne, ko kuma maɓuɓɓuga da yawa da suka yi rauni har ba za a iya ganinsu ɗaya bayan ɗaya ba?

Masu bincike biyu a MIT da Caltech sun kwaikwayi damin taurari biyu masu kama da namu. Taurarin da ke fashewa suna cika su da hasken sararin samaniya (cosmic rays), ƙananan ƙwayoyi da ke samar da hasken gamma. Ba a ƙara ɓoyayyen abu ba, sai dai hasken sararin samaniya na supernova.

Sun kwatanta kowane lokaci da matsakaicin natsuwar kowane damin taurari. Tsakiyar tana ci gaba da walƙiya: kumburi suna bayyana kuma suna dusashewa, galibi sun fi na Fermi girma. A wani lokaci, wani kumburi ya yi kama sosai da ainihin ƙarin.

Don haka watakila muna kallon damin taurarinmu ne kawai a lokacin rashin sa'a. Marubutan suna kiran wannan tasirin duba-wani-wuri (look-elsewhere effect). Amma da damin taurari biyu, babu wanda zai iya faɗin yadda irin wannan dacewar kwatsam ke faruwa akai-akai.

Tushe: The Galactic Center γ-ray Excess and the Look-Elsewhere Effect, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.32845

Ka haska abu da haske mai isasshen ƙarfi, electrons za su yi ta fita. Wannan ita ce ƙa'idar da aka saba. Amma a wasu matakan ƙarfi, adadin electrons da ke tserewa yana raguwa: wannan shi ne "ƙasan Cooper" (Cooper minimum).

Wata ƙungiya a Japan ta gina "babban zarra" (superatom): zarran azurfa 12 da ke kewaye da zarran tungsten guda ɗaya kamar keji. Wannan tari na zarra 13 yana kwaikwayon zarra ɗaya. Electron ɗinsa na can waje yana bazuwa a kan wani ƙwallo kusan cikakke.

Sun ɗaga ƙarfin laser mataki-mataki. A wani takamaiman ƙarfi, wanda ya fi mafi ƙarancin da ake buƙata nesa ba kusa ba, kusan babu electrons da suka fito. Lissafin tserewar yana haɗa ɓangarori na ƙari (+) da na ragi (−) da ke soke juna daidai.

A cewar marubutan, ba a taɓa ba da rahoton irin wannan cikakkiyar sokewa a wajen zarra ba. Kwaikwayonsu (simulations) ya nuna cewa ya kamata ta zama ruwan dare a tarin da ke kusan zagaye. Wani tagwaye mai molybdenum, Ag12Mo⁻, ya tabbatar da haka.

Tushe: Zero photoemission from icosahedral superatoms, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.32031

Gwajin Turing yana tambaya ko alƙali zai iya bambance rubutun na'ura da na ɗan Adam. Amma alƙalin da aka yaudara ba ya tabbatar da abu mai yawa. Watakila alamomin suna nan, alƙalin ne kawai bai lura da su ba.

Wata ƙungiya da aka jagoranta daga Hamburg ta juya gwajin. Mutane 3,824, tare da samfuran GPT, sun yi hukunci a kan amsoshi biyu-biyu ga gajerun labarai na zamantakewa. Amsa ɗaya ta ɗan Adam ce, ɗayar kuma ta GPT-4 ko GPT-5.

A gaban GPT-5, mutane sun yi ƙasa da yadda suka yi a gaban GPT-4, ko da yake har yanzu sun fi sa'a. Duk da haka wani sauƙaƙan samfurin ƙididdiga ya ci gaba da bambance rubutun a kashi 92.5% na lokuta. GPT-5, a matsayin alƙalin amsoshinsa na kansa, ya fi mutane a fili.

Abin mamakin yana zuwa ne lokacin da GPT-5 ya yi bayanin kansa. Ya ambaci yawancin alamomin da suka dace. Amma ya ce rubutu mai cikakken bayani irin na na'ura ne, alhali zaɓuɓɓukansa na ainihi sun ɗauki cikakken bayani a matsayin alamar ɗan Adam.

Tushe: Beyond pass or fail: an information-processing account of the Turing Test, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.32868

Yanzu ana gwada na'urorin gaskiyar kama-da-wane (virtual reality) da ake sakawa a kai don yaƙi da damuwa (anxiety), ciwo da baƙin ciki mai tsanani (depression). Marasa lafiyar sun haɗa da yara masu fargaba kafin tiyata, mata masu juna biyu da mutanen da ke tsoron tsayi. Amma da me ake kwatanta su?

Masu bincike a Estonia da Netherlands sun yi nazarin gwaje-gwajen asibiti 22 na baya-bayan nan kan waɗannan hanyoyin magani. A cikin 14 daga cikinsu, rukunin kwatance bai samu wani abu mai kama da shi ba. Sun samu kulawar da aka saba, jerin jira ko magani ta hanyar rubutu.

Waɗannan gwaje-gwaje 14 kusan kullum suna gano amfani: 13 cikin 14. Gwaje-gwajen da ke da madadi na gaske sun gano amfani sau 3 kawai cikin 8. A can, yawanci rukunonin biyu duka sun samu sauƙi.

Don haka watakila na'urar kanta tana taimakawa, ko me take nunawa. Marubutan suna son "placebo na kama-da-wane", wani irin ƙwayar sukari a 3D. Na'ura iri ɗaya, tsawon zama iri ɗaya, aiki iri ɗaya, amma ba tare da sinadarin warkarwa ba.

Tushe: Virtual Placebo: a scoping review of control conditions in randomized controlled trials of psychological immersive virtual reality interventions, https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.32232