Fitowar 5 Nuwamba, 2026

Bit na kwantam (quantum bit) mai rauni ne. Hayaniya (noise) za ta iya juye shi a kowane lokaci. Wata dabara: a sa wani nau'in kuskure ya zama kusan ba zai yiwu ba, sannan a gyara ɗayan.

Qubits na "Kerr-cat" suna adana 0 da 1 a matsayin kai-da-komo biyu masu saɓani na filin microwave. Kowanne yana zaune a cikin nasa kwarin. Har zuwa yanzu, suna juyewa bisa kuskure cikin millisecond.

Wata ƙungiya a Weizmann Institute ta samo gyara kyauta. Mu'amalar (interaction) da ke haƙa kwarukan tana kuma zubar da makamashin da ya ɓace (stray energy). Daga ƙarshe yana ɓacewa a cikin da'irar karatu (readout circuit). Babu ƙarin tuƙi, babu ƙarin sashe.

Kowane ƙarin photon yana ninka lokacin da ke tsakanin juyewa da kusan 1.8. Da photon 34, ya kai daƙiƙa 448. Ɗayan nau'in kuskure yana nan, a kusan kashi ɗaya cikin goma na microsecond.

Tushe: Autonomous cooling of Kerr-cat qubits to minutes-long bit-flip times, https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.04868

Ɗauki a + b = c, cikakkun lambobi uku da ba su da wani abin raba su (factor) na bai ɗaya. Ninka lambobin firamare (primes) da ke raba su, kowanne sau ɗaya kawai: kira sakamakon N. Ga 1 + 80 = 81, N shi ne 30.

Shin c zai iya zama mai girma matuƙa yayin da N ke ƙarami? Hasashen abc (abc conjecture) na Masser da Oesterlé ya ce a'a: c yana zama ƙasa da wani ƙarfi (power) na N. Wasu sakamako da yawa za su biyo baya daga gare shi.

An wallafa wata hujja mai shafi 39 ta Christophe Soulé, na CNRS da IHÉS a Faransa, kan wani nau'i mai rauni (weak form) na hasashen. A cikinta, c ba ya taɓa wuce wani ƙayyadadden adadi (constant) sau N da ƙarfin 24, da ɗan ƙari kaɗan.

A cewar mai rubuta takardar, wannan ma'aunin ƙarfi (exponent) "kuskure" ne idan aka kwatanta da hasashen. Aikin preprint ne, kuma wasu masana lissafi ba su riga sun duba shi ba. Idan ya tabbata, sakamakon da ke biyo bayan abc su ma za su tabbata, da ƙayyadaddun adadi masu rauni.

Tushe: On the abc conjecture, https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.05217

Rayuwar wasan Roger Federer a lambobi biyu: ya ci kusan 80% na wasanninsa, da 54% kawai na maki. Tsarin ƙidayar maki na tennis yana mayar da ƙaramin fifiko ya zama babba.

Masana kimiyyar lissafi (physicists) a Madrid sun auna wannan tasirin ƙara girma. Ya dogara kusan ga yawan maki a cikin wasa kaɗai. Ka ci 52.5% na maki, za ka ci 80% na wasannin set biyar.

Amma wasu maki sun fi wasu nauyi: waɗanda ke rufe game, set ko wasan gaba ɗaya. Ka ɗan fi yin kyau a kansu, za ka iya cin yawancin wasanni da ƙasa da rabin maki.

Fabio Fognini ya yi daidai haka. A wasanni 774, ya ci 49.4% na maki, amma duk da haka 51.2% na wasannin. Dabarar: cin set masu kusanci, da sakin waɗanda ake masa rinjaye mai yawa a cikinsu.

Tushe: Beyond the Federer paradox in tennis, https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.03702

Idan tauraro kamar Rana ya tsufa, yakan kumbura ya zama ƙaton tauraro ja (red giant). Duk wata duniya da ke kewaya shi a kusa ya kamata a jawo ta ciki a haɗiye ta.

Masana falaki (astronomers) a China sun saurari girgizar taurari, wadda TESS ya naɗa. Taurari uku masu duniyoyi sun riga sun wuce mafi girmansu. Sun sake raguwa.

Duk da haka, bisa ga samfuran da aka saba amfani da su, duniyoyinsu suna kewaya su a kusa fiye da girman da waɗannan taurari suka taɓa kaiwa. Wanda ke riƙe da tarihi (record): 24 Boo b, zagaye ɗaya a kowane kwana 30, a nisan sau 0.183 na tazarar Duniya da Rana.

Duniya ɗaya kawai irin wannan "haramtacciya" aka sani a baya. Ƙarin uku suna nuna tsari: sabon rukuni na tsarin duniyoyi (planetary systems). Haɗewar taurari biyu a da? Faifai (disk) da aka haifa daga duniyar da aka haɗiye? Marubutan suna ba da ra'ayoyi, amma babu hujja tukuna.

Tushe: The Survival Paradox of Close-In Planets Orbiting Red Clump Giants, https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.04544

Idan aka gicciye layukan haske na fitila biyu, suna ratsa juna. Haske ba ya yin karo da haske. Amma kimiyyar quantum tana hasashen wani ɗan ƙaramin keɓancewa, ta hanyar sararin "wofi" (vacuum) da kansa.

A Jamus, masana fiziks (physicists) sun harba bugun X-ray gaba da gaba cikin wani laser mai tsananin ƙarfi. An matse joule 4 nasa cikin wani wuri mai faɗin kusan micrometre ɗaya. Sannan suka farauto X-ray da aka karkatar daga hanyarsu.

Siginar da ake tsammani ƙanƙanuwa ce ƙwarai. Don haka suka ɓoye babban layin hasken a bayan inuwar wata siririyar waya. A cikin karo 2,751, babu photon da aka karkatar da ya fita daban daga hayaniyar (noise).

Shiru ma yana koyar da wani abu. Iyakar watsewar haske-da-haske (light-by-light scattering) a ƙaramin kuzari yanzu ta fi tsauri kusan ninki biliyan goma. Da ingantawar da aka tsara, ƙungiyar tana fatan a ƙarshe ta ga wannan tasiri.

Tushe: A New Bound on Light-by-Light Scattering in the Low-Energy Regime, https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.04531

Don matsa rubutu (compression), a ba haruffa masu yawan fitowa gajerun lambobi (codes), masu ƙarancin fitowa kuma dogaye. A 1952, aikin Huffman ya kawo wata dabara mai sauri don samun mafi kyawun lamba da za a iya samu.

Wannan dabarar tana ɗauka cewa tsadar 0 da 1 ɗaya ce. To idan ɗaya ya fi tsada fa, misali wajen aikawa ko adanawa? Akwai hanyoyi masu sauri ga kowane biyun tsada da aka ƙayyade. Amma yanayi na gaba ɗaya ya kasance a buɗe tsawon shekaru da dama.

Yanzu masana kimiyyar kwamfuta biyu sun tabbatar cewa matsalar NP-complete ce. Hakan gaskiya ne ko da 1 ya fi 0 tsada da raka'a ɗaya kacal. Babu wata hanya mai sauri da aka sani ga matsalolin wannan iyali.

Takardar ta bayyana asalinta a fili. Marubutan sun roƙi Codex na OpenAI ya ba da hujja, sannan suka jagorance ta, suka gyara ta kuma suka sake rubuta ta. Shafukanta 51 suna mayar da wani wasan wuyar warwarewa (puzzle) game da hanyoyin sadarwa (networks) zuwa matsalar lamba (coding problem).

Tushe: Binary Huffman Coding with Unequal Letter Costs Is NP-Complete, https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.04444

A kan Wata, girgizar ƙasa ba ta tsayawa da sauri. Girgizar na iya jan zango har zuwa sa'o'i. Wannan kusan sau goma ya fi girgizar ƙasa mai irin wannan girma a Duniya.

Don gano dalili, masu bincike na ƙasar Sin sun sake kunna bayanai 13 da aka naɗa a lokacin Apollo. Sun fito ne daga matakan roka (rocket stages) da kumbunan saukar Wata (lunar modules) da aka faɗo da su da gangan a saman Wata.

Kwaikwayonsu yana cika kilomita na farko na ɓawon (crust) da tsagogi marasa komai. Tsagewa tana aiki kamar cikakken madubi: raƙuman suna tunkuɗuwa daga gare ta su zauna a kulle. Daidaito da Apollo ya yi tsalle zuwa 0.92, idan aka kwatanta da 0.47 ba tare da tsagogi ba.

A Duniya, ruwa yana rufe tsagogi a hankali. A kan Wata mai bushewa, suna nan har yau. Da zarar an fahimci wannan amo, za a iya cire shi daga bayanan da aka naɗa, don bayyanar da raunanan amsa-kuwwa daga can cikin zurfi.

Tushe: Shallow lunar fractures dominate the long-lasting seismic coda, https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.04209

Idan aka ratsa ta cikin ciyawa, ana barin alama. Mutum na gaba yana bin ta, sannan na bayansa. Wata hanya ta bayyana wadda babu wanda ya tsara ta.

Masu bincike biyu a University of Washington sun kwaikwayi masu tafiya da ke tsara hanya mafi ƙarancin tsada zuwa inda za su. Kowane taki yana sa ƙasar ta ɗan sauƙaƙa ga sauran. Ƙasar da ba a amfani da ita tana sake tsirowa a hankali.

Bishiyoyi, zobba, giciye: masu tafiya suna saƙa cikakkun tsarin hanyoyi. Waɗannan suna daidaita tsawon hanya da wahalar tafiya, cikin inganci. Farawa iri ɗaya ma za ta iya zaunawa a kan tsarin hanyoyi daban-daban masu tsayayye.

Ƙarin doka: mutane suna bin gajeriyar hanya idan hanyar da aka shimfiɗa ta fi tsawo da aƙalla 30%. A cikin samfurin, wannan yana nufin barin hanyar ƙafa a kusan digiri 40. Ku lura da haka a tafiyarku ta gaba.

Tushe: Trail systems self-organize through individual route optimization, https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.04346

Jirgin isar da kaya mara matuƙi (delivery drone) yana ƙara sauƙi da kowane kunshi da ya sauke. Batirinsa yana ɗaukar kusan minti 30. To da wane sauri ya kamata ya tashi don ɓata ƙarancin makamashi (energy) gwargwadon iko?

Idan ya yi a hankali sosai, riƙe kansa a sama yana cin makamashi da yawa. Idan ya yi sauri sosai, juriyar iska (air resistance) ce ke rinjaye. A tsakani akwai mafi kyawun sauri. Injiniyoyi a California da Zurich sun gano yadda yake sauyawa da nauyi.

Ƙa'idar mai sauƙi ce ƙwarai. Mafi kyawun sauri yana girma da tushen murabba'i na nauyi: ninka nauyin, ka tashi da sauri kusan sau 1.41. Mafi kyawun karkacewa (tilt) ba ya taɓa sauyawa. Makamashi a kowace mita kuma kawai yana ninkuwa.

Jirage biyu na gaske sun tabbatar da hakan a tashi a sararin waje, da ƙarin nauyi har zuwa 44%. Tsara zagayen isar da kaya ya zama lissafi mai sauƙi.

Tushe: Mass Scaling Laws for Energy-Optimal Horizontal Multirotor Flight, https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.04748

Tarin yashi yana tsayawa cak har zuwa wani tsauri, wato kusurwar hutunsa (angle of repose). Ka girgiza shi, sai wasu ƙwayoyi su gudana, sannan su sake tsayawa.

A Osaka University, masu bincike biyu sun kwaikwayi ƙwayoyi 2,273 a kan gangare, akai-akai. A kowane karo, sun ba gindin turawa iri ɗaya daidai. Tsarin farko na ƙwayoyin kaɗai ne ya sauya.

Kusa da kusurwa mai iyaka (critical angle), kusan digiri 16.7 a nan, matsakaicin gudanar yana ƙaruwa. Amma bazuwarsa (spread) tana ƙaruwa da sauri fiye da haka, kuma tana iya kaiwa daidai da matsakaicin. Turawa ɗaya tana motsa ɗan kaɗan, ko mai yawa.

Wani samfuri da aka gina dama (chance) a cikin lissafin makamashinsa ya bayyana dalilin. Ga zaftarewar ƙasa, yana nufin abu ɗaya: kusa da iyaka, matsakaici bai isa ba. Cikakken kewayon sakamako kaɗai ke faɗin abin da za a yi tsammani.

Tushe: Amplified transport variability in granular slope flows near the critical angle, https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.04440

Carbon shi ne tushen rayuwa. Duk da haka, gwargwadon nauyinta, Duniya mai duwatsu tana ɗauke da shi ƙasa da na Rana kusan ninki dubu goma. Ina ya tafi?

Masana ilmin taurari (astronomers) sun juya JWST zuwa HOPS-68, wani jaririn tauraro a Orion. Kusa da tauraron, faifansa (disk) yana da zafin da ya isa ya mayar da ko da ƙurar carbon mafi taurin kai zuwa tururi. Bakan haskensa (spectrum) cike yake da hydrocarbons.

Acetylene da hydrogen cyanide masu ɗumi, a kelvin 320 zuwa 430, suna gudu zuwa waje cikin wata iska (wind) da ke kaɗawa daga faifan. Ƙungiyar tana ba da shawarar wani "yankin lalata carbon". Zai riƙa cire carbon daga ƙura a inda duniyoyi masu duwatsu ke samuwa.

Can nesa, hasken ultraviolet yana mayar da wani ɓangarensa zuwa sarƙoƙin carbon. Ɗaya daga cikinsu ba a taɓa ganinsa a kewayen sabon tauraro ba. Irin waɗannan sarƙoƙi za su iya ƙarewa a cikin taurari masu ƙanƙanta (asteroids) kamar Ryugu da Bennu.

Tushe: Up in smoke: carbon-destruction in the terrestrial planet-forming region of a young Class I disk, https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.04557