Fitowar 4 Nuwamba, 2026

Masu sha'awa (amateurs) har yanzu suna goge madubin na'urar hangen nesa (telescope) da hannu. Suna goga faifan gilashi biyu tare da ƙasa mai goge (grit) a tsakaninsu. Bugun hannun ba su da tsari, barkatai ne. Duk da haka fuskokin biyu suna ƙarewa a matsayin siffofin ƙwallo masu dacewa da juna, daidai har zuwa 'yan gommai na nanomita.

Wani bincike na kimiyyar lissafi a SLAC da Stanford ya bayyana dalilin, yana farawa daga wata doka ta kankarewa (wear) ta 1927. Gilashi yana kankarewa da sauri a inda aka fi danna shi da ƙarfi kuma aka fi goga shi da sauri.

Bugun hannun suna nufar kowace hanya. Shimfiɗaɗɗun fuskoki (planes) da siffofin ƙwallo ne kaɗai ke tsira daga wannan daidaito (symmetry). Ƙananan kumburi suna ɓacewa cikin kusan awa ɗaya. Manya kuwa suna bazuwa kuma suna daidaituwa, a hankali kusan ninki 30.

Nauyi (gravity) yana kawar da shimfiɗaɗɗiyar fuska: faifan sama yana zurfafa, na ƙasa yana kumbura. Lissafi iri ɗaya yana bayyana duwatsun da ake juyawa a na'ura (tumbled pebbles). Suna yin sheƙi cikin makonni, amma za su buƙaci shekaru kafin su zama siffar ƙwallo.

Tushe: From Rock Tumbling to Telescope Mirror Grinding: How Optical Perfection Emerges from Random Motion, https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.01673

Kogon Choranche, a tsaunukan Vercors na Faransa, yana ɗauke da dubban "soda straws" (tsinkayen shan lemo). Waɗannan stalactites masu rami a ciki suna kai tsawon mita 3, amma faɗinsu milimita 5 kawai. Wasu daga cikinsu na iya kai shekaru 33,000.

Don sake gina hanyar zuwa kogon, dole ne a fasa dutse a kusa. Wata ƙungiya daga Grenoble ta fara auna yadda tsinkayen ke girgiza.

Kowane tsinke yana ƙara da nasa sautin. Tsinke mai tsawon cm 15 yana ƙara kusa da hertz 175, daidai inda fashe-fashen suka fi ƙarfi. Amsa-kuwwa (resonance) na iya ninka matsin da ke kansa har sau biyar. Don haka gajerun tsinkayen ne suka fi fuskantar haɗari.

Ƙungiyar ta ƙayyade iyaka: girgiza ta milimita 2.4 a cikin daƙiƙa ɗaya a bangon kogon. Ayyukan sun kiyaye ta, kuma babu tsinken da ya lalace. Girgizar ƙasa, wadda ke girgiza a hankali, za ta yi barazana ga dogayen tsinkaye maimakon haka.

Tushe: Seismic study of soda straws exposed to nearby blasting vibrations, https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.02873

Babban tauraro da ke mutuwa zai iya barin baƙin rami (black hole) ko tauraron neutron. Yawanci irin waɗannan ragowa biyu suna haɗewa ne da daɗewa bayan haka, aƙalla kusan shekaru 100,000 bayan rugujewar.

A ranar 10 ga Satumba 2019, LIGO da Virgo sun nuna sigina biyu marasa ƙarfi, a tazarar awa 7.1. Filayensu a sararin sama sun rufe juna, a nisa masu jituwa. Faɗakarwa marasa alaƙa ba kasafai suke daidaita haka ba: kusan dama 1 cikin 13,000.

A cikin wurin da filayen suka rufe juna akwai wata supernova, SN 2019rsq. Ta kai ƙololuwar haskenta kwanaki 24 bayan siginar farko. Ga irinta, wannan jinkiri ne na yau da kullum bayan rugujewa.

Wata ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa tana ba da shawarar tauraro ɗaya wanda rugujewarsa ta bar wani faifai (disk) da ya farfashe zuwa guntaye. Gunta ɗaya ya faɗa cikin baƙin ramin. Wasu biyu sun haɗe awanni bayan haka. Siginonin biyu har yanzu suna kan iyaka (marginal): har yanzu yana yiwuwa daidaituwa ce kawai.

Tushe: A temporally clustered gravitational wave pair and a Type IIb supernova, https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.00440

A Austria, masana kimiyyar lissafi sun rataya wata sandar madubi mai nauyin milligram 1 a jikin zaren gilashi mai kaurin micrometre 1. A cikin wuri marar iska ƙwarai (ultra-high vacuum), tana juyawa kusan ba tare da wani hani ba. Adadin rage motsinta (damping rate) nanohertz 7 ne kacal.

Babu abin da ya kama ta. Wani laser yana bin kusurwarta ba tare da tsayawa ba. Cikin millisecond 26, wannan bibiyar tana ƙayyade yanayinta. Aunawa ta maye gurbin tarkon.

Yaya suka san motsinta da kyau? Idan aka bayyana shi a matsayin zafi, kashi 140 cikin biliyan na digiri sama da sifili cikakke. Wannan ya fi gwaje-gwajen irin wannan da aka yi a kan tebur a baya sanyi sau ɗari.

Irin wannan taro mai 'yanci (free mass) mai natsuwa zai iya gwada sauye-sauyen da aka gabatar wa quantum mechanics. Natsuwarta ta riga ta kawar da wasu sababbin sigoginsu. Haka kuma mataki ne zuwa duba ko ƙarfin jan hankali (gravity) zai iya haɗa abubuwa cikin entanglement.

Tushe: Taming a macroscopic free mass through continuous quantum measurement, https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.03159

Wataƙila ilmin sinadarai na farko na rayuwa ya fara ne daga hydrogen cyanide, HCN. Girke-girken ɗakin gwaji suna buƙatar ta a matse, kusan millimole 10 a kowace lita. Taurari masu wutsiya (comets) suna ɗauke da ita da yawa. Shin su ne suka kawo ta ga Duniya a farkon zamaninta?

Masu bincike na Cambridge da Edinburgh sun kwaikwayi tarihi 100,000 na faɗowar taurari masu wutsiya. Ƙananan taurari masu wutsiya suna fashewa a sama. Sauran suna bugawa da sauri sosai har zafin yana lalata yawancin HCN ɗinsu.

A cikin sama da rabin kwaikwayon, babu tauraro mai wutsiya ko ɗaya da ya kawo isasshenta. Nasarorin da ba kasafai ake samu ba sun zo kusan shekaru biliyan 4.41 da suka wuce. Wannan ya riga alamun farko na rayuwa da sama da shekaru miliyan 100.

Mars ta fi kyau nesa ba kusa ba: faɗowa 744 masu nasara idan aka kwatanta da 87 ga Duniya, kafin a lissafa busasshiyar ƙasa. Siririyar iskarta da taurari masu wutsiya masu sannu suna taimakawa. Ga Duniya, ra'ayin taurari masu wutsiya ya sha babban rauni.

Tushe: Cometary impacts an unlikely pathway towards the origins of life on Earth, https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.02924

A saman Antarctica, stratosphere yana sauyawa cikin shekaru gommai. Duk da haka tsakiyar nahiyar tana da kayan aiki kaɗan ƙwarai don sa ido a kansa.

IceCube, na'urar gano neutrino da aka binne a cikin ƙanƙarar South Pole, tana kuma ƙirga muons. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin (particles) suna fitowa daga hasken sararin samaniya (cosmic rays), fiye da 2,000 a kowace daƙiƙa. Idan stratosphere ya yi zafi, ƙarin muons suna kaiwa ga na'urar.

Masu bincike a Harvard da Valencia sun yi kwaikwayon (simulation) bayanan shekaru gommai. Raunin ba daga sa'a yake ba, daga na'urar ne. Idan ƙidayarta ta karkata da 1% a kowane shekaru goma, hakan yana nuna sauyin ƙarya na digiri 2.8 a kowane shekaru goma. Dole ne adadin ya tsaya daram zuwa 0.3% a kowane shekaru goma.

Hatta dusar ƙanƙara da ke taruwa a samanta tana nuna ɗan sanyi na ƙarya. Duk da haka, da na'ura mai tsayawa daram, sanyin da aka gani tun 2011 yana cikin isa. Kusan shekaru 22 na bayanai za su tabbatar da shi.

Tushe: Sensitivity of the IceCube atmospheric muon rate to decadal trends in the effective atmospheric temperature, https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.00918

Taurari masu wutsiya na Kreutz suna shafar Rana. C/2026 A1 (MAPS), da aka gano a Janairu 2026, ya kamata ya wuce a ranar 4 ga Afrilu. Da hanyarsa ta kai shi cikin raka'ar sararin samaniya (astronomical units) 0.006 daga Rana: ƙasa da 1% na nisan Duniya.

A kwanakinsa uku na ƙarshe, wata na'urar hangen nesa ta rediyo mai mita 30 ta bi shi. Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi 'yan Spain, Faransa da Amurka. Sun gano hydrogen cyanide. Wannan karo na farko ne ga wannan iyalin taurari masu wutsiya.

A ranar 3 ga Afrilu, fitar cyanide na tauraron ya yi tsalle da fiye da 75% cikin minti 17. Cikin kusan minti 90, wannan fashewa ta cire 0.4 zuwa 1.2% na nauyinsa (mass).

Ƙasa da kwana ɗaya bayan haka, awanni biyu kafin mafi kusancin wucewarsa, tauraron ya farfashe. Wataƙila fashewar ta taimaka wajen karya shi. Wataƙila ƙwayoyin sinadaransa (molecules) sun riga sun tsira daga wucewa biyu na baya.

Tushe: HCN detection in the Kreutz sungrazing comet C/2026 A1 (MAPS) shortly before its disruption, https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.03417

A watan Oktoba 2019, Steam ya fara roƙon 'yan wasa su rubuta sharhi kan wasannin da suka gama yi. A dukkan kantin, sharhi na kowace rana ya tashi daga kusan 17,000 zuwa 70,000.

Tambayar tana bayyana bayan kusan awanni uku na wasa. Masu bincike sun yi nazarin sharhi miliyan 21.6 kan wasanni 315. Daidai bayan awanni uku, sharhi sun zama sau 4.25 na yawan na ɗan ƙasa da iyakar, kuma sun fi zama masu yabo.

Makin har yanzu suna jera wasanni kusan kamar yadda masu suka (critics) ke yi. Amma ba sa mayar da martani sosai idan wasa ya lalace. Wani matakin maki maras sauyawa ya kama 12% na faɗuwa, daga 42%.

Bayanin bai ɓace ba. Ƙarin sharhin suna cike da yawansu abin da kowanne ya rasa. Matsalolin da masu haɓaka wasannin (developers) suka amince da su har yanzu suna saukar da makin. Dandamali, in ji marubutan, ya kamata su sake daidaita alamominsu (labels).

Tushe: Ask More, Hear Less: How a Review Prompt Changes What Online Ratings Show, https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.02623

Fenta kowace cikakkiyar lamba (whole number) da ja ko shuɗi. Kira lamba "mai launi ɗaya" idan sakamakon ninkawa ce ta lambobi biyu ja ko ta lambobi biyu shuɗi.

Lambobin mara ja, na cika shuɗi: lambobi uku cikin huɗu sun cancanta. 2, 6, 10 da irinsu ne kawai suke rasa shiga. Erdős da Sárközy sun yi tambaya mafi kaifi. Shin wani tsarin launi zai iya saukar da wannan kaso zuwa duk ƙanƙantar da ake so?

Hujjar mai binciken lissafi ɗaya a Dalhousie University, a Kanada, ta ce eh. Dabarar: lamba da "madubinta" kullum suna samun launuka masu saɓani. Aikin ya samo asali ne daga dogon musayar ra'ayi da wani samfurin AI, GPT-6 Astra Pro.

Farashin ya wuce hankali. Don saukowa ƙasa da 10%, dole ne lambobi 10^(10^41,823) na farko su zama ja duka. Wasu masana lissafi ba su riga sun duba hujjar ba.

Tushe: A solution to the Erdős–Sárközy product-density problem, https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.01480

A cikin huhu, kowace ƙwayar hemoglobin tana ɗaukar ƙwayoyin oxygen huɗu. Littattafan karatu sun ce kama ɗaya yana sauƙaƙa kama na gaba. Wannan shi ne "haɗin kai" (cooperativity).

Wannan hoton yana tunanin hemoglobin yana iyo a cikin tekun oxygen mai 'yanci. Masana kimiyyar lissafi a Armeniya sun nuna wata matsala. Ƙwayar jan jini tana ɗauke da hemoglobin da ya fi oxygen mai 'yanci yawa kusan sau 30. Kowace ƙwaya galibi tana ganin nata huɗun kawai.

Sun sake yin lissafin ga hemoglobin ɗaya tare da ƙwayoyin oxygen kaɗan. Haɗin kan ya fito mafi rauni sosai. A cikin samfurin Pauling na gargajiya, babban ma'aunin haɗin kansa ya sauka daga 6.32 zuwa 1.88.

Darajoji mafi girma suna zama marasa kwanciyar hankali (unstable). Da zarar oxygen ɗaya ya fita, sauran ukun suna fita tare gaba ɗaya: haɗarin gubar oxygen (oxygen poisoning). Har ma oxygen zai iya tafiya ta hanyar tsalle daga wani hemoglobin zuwa na gaba.

Tushe: Canonic hemoglobin-oxygen equilibrium: Reassessing the role of cooperativity, https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.00824

Shin waɗannan siffofi biyu iri ɗaya ne? Ga siffofi masu girma huɗu, babu algorithm da zai iya yanke hukunci kullum. An san hakan tun 1958.

Masana lissafi sun ɗaure matsalar a kan siffa ɗaya: kwafi k na S² × S², da aka manna tare. S² shi ne saman ƙwallo na yau da kullum. Adadin da aka kai ya ragu daga kwafi 14 zuwa 12, sannan 9.

Aikin Cameron Gordon, na University of Texas at Austin, yanzu ya sauko zuwa kwafi 7 ga siffofin da aka gina daga guntaye masu lebur, daidai da adadin da aka riga aka kai ba tare da wannan sharaɗi ba. A cikin siffar iri ɗaya, babu algorithm da zai iya faɗi ko wani ƙwallo a ƙulle yake.

Babbar kyautar ita ce kwafi sifili: ƙwallo mai girma huɗu da kansa. Shin algorithm zai iya gane shi? Shin za a iya gano ƙwallo a ƙulle a cikinsa? Tambayoyin biyu suna nan a buɗe.

Tushe: The recognition problem for 4-manifolds and the unknotting problem for 2-spheres in 4-manifolds, https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.00355