MASU ZUWA SARARIN SAMANIYA MASU ZAMAN KANSU BAKWAI CIKIN TAKWAS SUN KAMU DA CIWON SARARIN SAMANIYA

Isowa cikin rashin nauyi yana rikita gaɓoɓin daidaito na kunnen ciki. A kwanakin farko, masu zuwa sararin samaniya da yawa suna fama da ciwon motsi na sararin samaniya (space motion sickness): fatar jiki ta yi fari, gumi mai sanyi, juwa, tashin zuciya, wani lokaci amai. Bayan dawowa Duniya, sake sabawa na iya kawo wani hari na biyu, wato ciwon sake sabawa (readaptation sickness).

A cewar takardar, wannan shi ne tasiri a jikin ɗan adam da ya fi hana aiki a kwanakin da ke biye da canjin ƙarfin jan hankali (gravity). NASA ba ta shirya tafiya a wajen kumbo (spacewalk) kafin awanni 72 a falaki, domin amai a cikin rigar sararin samaniya na iya kai wa ga shaƙewa.

Tsofaffin alƙaluma, da aka tattara a makare

Ana ruwaito ciwon sararin samaniya tun 1961. Alƙaluman da takardar ta ambata sun bambanta sosai: babu ko ɗaya a shirye-shiryen Mercury da Gemini, kashi 36% a Apollo, kashi 56% a Skylab, kashi 73% a tsakanin mutane 132 da suka tashi a karon farko a Space Shuttle.

Marubutan sun nuna raunin waɗannan alƙaluma. Yawancinsu an tattara su ne bayan sauka, daga tunani, wani lokaci daga masu zuwa sararin samaniya da ke da ayyuka na gaba a cikin haɗari. Motsin kai, wanda aka san yana tayar da ciwon, ba kasafai ake sarrafa shi ba. Yawancin waɗanda aka yi nazari a kansu maza ne da hukumomin sararin samaniya suka zaɓa. Kuma ba a taɓa wallafa wani bayani kan ma’aikatan jiragen kasuwanci ba, a yanzu da talakawan ’yan ƙasa ke tashi zuwa falaki.

Ɗaga kai, karkata, ba da maki

Torin K. Clark da abokan aikinsa sun bi ma’aikatan jirgi takwas na Polaris Dawn (kwanaki 4.9 a falaki) da Fram2 (kwanaki 3.6), ayyuka biyu a cikin Crew Dragon na SpaceX: mata huɗu da maza huɗu, masu shekaru 28 zuwa 62, bakwai daga cikinsu suna tashi a karon farko.

Kafin kowane rahoto, kowane ma’aikaci yana yin jerin motsin kai iri ɗaya: kunne zuwa kafaɗar hagu, kunne zuwa ta dama, ya koma tsaye, haɓa zuwa ƙirji, kai baya, sau huɗu. Sannan suna ba da maki ga rashin lafiyarsu a kan kwamfutar hannu, daga 0 (babu ko kaɗan) zuwa 20 (amai ko kusa da yin amai), a lokacin da abin ke faruwa. An shirya rahotanni kusan minti 30 da awanni 6 bayan isa falaki, sannan kowace rana, da kuma bayan sauka cikin teku (splashdown).

Abin da suka ji

• A falaki: 7 cikin 8 sun ji aƙalla ɗan rashin lafiya (87.5%), kuma 5 sun yi amai (62.5%). Biyar sun kai ƙololuwar ma’auni. Ga rabinsu ya ɗauki aƙalla kwanaki biyu, ga kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu aƙalla uku. Amai ya tsaya bayan rana ta uku.
• Bayan dawowa Duniya: 4 cikin 8 sun sake jin rashin lafiya (50%), babu wanda ya yi amai, kuma mafi munin makin sun yi ƙasa sosai: matsakaicin 4.8 cikin 20, idan aka kwatanta da 14.9 a falaki.
• Babu wanda ya ji rashin lafiya bayan sauka ba tare da ya ji rashin lafiya a falaki ba.

Ba kowa ne ya bi hanyar da littattafai suka bayyana ba. Mutane huɗu sun yi ciwo “na yau da kullum” wanda ya kai ƙololuwa da wuri ya kuma ɓace cikin kwana ɗaya ko biyu. Biyu sun fara ciwon a makare bayan kwanaki biyu ko uku a sararin samaniya, ɗaya ya sake kamuwa a rana ta uku, kuma ɗaya bai ji komai ba ko kaɗan. Magungunan hana ciwon, waɗanda ma’aikata shida suka sha a lokacin tafiya, na iya bayyana waɗannan baƙin tsare-tsaren, amma binciken ba zai iya gwada su ba.

Babu bambanci tsakanin mata da maza, kuma babu alaƙa da shekaru ko da yadda kowane mutum ke saurin kamuwa da ciwon motsi a Duniya.

Teku mai hargitsi, dawowa mai wahala

Duk ciwon bayan sauka ya fito ne daga ma’aikatan Fram2; babu wanda daga Polaris Dawn ya ruwaito wani. Na’urorin auna kumbon sun ba da wata alama: bayan sauka cikin teku, kumbon Fram2 ya juya ya kuma yi lilo kusan ninki biyu a kan ruwa. Ma’aikatansa kuma sun fito daga kumbon ba tare da taimako ba, a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani gwaji na daban.

Tushe ga tafiye-tafiye masu tsawo

Waɗannan adadin sun fi yawancin alƙaluman hukumomi yawa, amma suna kusa da na aikin Spacelab-1 na NASA, tafiya ɗaya tilo da ta gabata wadda ita ma ta tayar da motsin kai kafin rahotanni a lokacin da abin ke faruwa. Marubutan suna ganin cewa wasu tsofaffin alƙaluma wataƙila sun raina matsalar.

Rukunin ƙarami ne, ayyukan gajeru ne, kuma ba a sarrafa motsin kai tsakanin rahotanni ba. Marubutan suna sa ran ciwon sake sabawa zai ƙaru yayin da tafiye-tafiyen kasuwanci ke ƙara tsawo: a tsakanin ma’aikatan hukumomi, ya kama dukkan masu zuwa sararin samaniya 18 da suka daɗe a tashar sararin samaniya a wani bincike da takardar ta ambata.